LAW ENFORCEMENT ANTI-CORRUPTION CONFERENCE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SECURITY, JAMAICA 1st Regional JAMAICA CONSTABULARY FORCE LAW ENFORCEMENT ANTI-CORRUPTION CONFERENCE JCF ANTI-CORRUPTION BRANCH CARICOM COMMUNITY “Police Corruption- Successful Approaches and Systems” UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Major V. “Dave” Anderson

“Towards Regional Cooperation for Anti-Corruption” CONFERENCE THEME “Towards Regional Cooperation for Anti-Corruption”

CONFERENCE OBJECTIVES To share experiences on the status of law enforcement anti-corruption initiatives in the region. To seek support for a declaration of intent for regional law enforcement anti-corruption collaboration . To begin the process of establishing a network for regional law enforcement cooperation on anti-corruption.

POLICE CORRUPTION The abuse of police authority for personal or organisational gain. Actions range from bribes to international organised crime Over the decades several differing approaches have been taken towards anti-corruption Internal External Strategic Shotgun/ Scatter shot Combination

INTERNAL APPROACHES Internal Affairs – most LEAs Queensland, Australia New South Wales, Australia Anti-Corruption Branch (ACB), Jamaica

EXTERNAL APPROACHES Police Ombudsman- Northern Ireland Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) – Hong Kong National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE) CACOLE (Canada) Knapp Commission (1972), NY, USA Mollen Commission (1994), NY, USA

MODELS Hong Kong, ICAC Queensland, Australia New South Wales, Australia Jamaica

Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption Established in 1974 in one of the most corrupt citizens in the world All major crimes were protected Many were skeptical of the success of the ICAC In three years, the ICAC smashed all corruption syndicates in the Government Prosecuted 247 government officials, 143 officers

Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption Results “The competitive advantage of Hong Kong is the ICAC” Organised corruption prevention studies, mass media campaign, public education (expensive) Intensive training and selection (public support) In 30 years the ICAC Eradicated all overt corruption in Government Amongst the first to effectively enforce private sector corruption Change public’s attitude Promoted international cooperation

Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption Three Pronged Strategy Deterrence Prevention Education Dedicated and independent anti-corruption agency Hong Kong Strategy Construct Strategic Plan by conducting an External and Internal Environmental Analysis e.g. PESTEL, SWOT Identify Major Problems Formulate Strategy

Civilian Oversight of Police- Australia Single police oversight and anti-corruption agency demonstrates that corruption will NOT be tolerated Australia did so by coordinating a multi-agency task force of 19 agencies These agencies included: State and Territory LEAs The Aus. Federal Police Aus. Customs Dept. of Immigration

Queensland Police Service- Australia The creation of a separate oversight body was recommended when: Internal controls fail Police lack the will, resources and capacity to exercise controls effectively In 1989, the QPS was debilitated by misconduct, inefficiency, incompetence and deficient leadership.

New South Wales- Australia The failure of internal investigations in the NSW was due to the: Ineffective investigative techniques Failure to utilize an intelligence led approach Failure to conduct investigations through a multi-disciplinary proactive investigative unit An independent inquiry saw external oversight and investigation as advantageous

Civilian Oversight of Police- Australia These are the two most developed Australian models of police oversight They operate to different degrees in conjunction with internal disciplinary mechanisms and management. If civilian oversight and internal disciplinary systems continue to be scrutinized, it will ensure public confidence is maintained.

Global anti-corruption approaches UN Convention Against Corruption Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development G8 Summit UN Global Compact INTERPOL World Bank / IMF Transparency International USAID CARICOM CBSI RLEACC

What makes and shapes effective anti-corruption systems? Institutional matrix of comprehensive legal and institutional safeguards to prevent corruption and protect public interest, multi-disciplinary approach Strong leadership, political will and public support (International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2011) Cooperation with fellow LEAs Having the necessary data to inform policy and strategy using a corruption environmental analysis/ internal strategic review of the police force Resource Funding- USAID, OAS, DFID, UNDP, CARICOM

Further strategies against corruption Procurement monitoring Judicial reform Legislation & enforcement Internal regulations Public enquiries / tribunals Institutional change Public education & participation External oversight mechanisms

Choices in tackling corruption Strategic All-purpose anti-corruption agency External oversight mechanisms Public sector reform Freedom of information Universal transparency Thinking the unthinkable

The Jamaican Experience Since the establishment of the ACB as a unit dedicated to anti-corruption in the police force, over 150 officers have been removed. The ACB’s success is strongly supported by the public and has largely assisted in improving Jamaica’s rating in the Corruption Perception Index 2010.

The Jamaican Experience A three year Strategic Review Systematic Approach Annual audit of systems Vetted and qualified staff Open public communication (two ways) International donors

JCF / ACB website Website established on International Corruption Day Over 70,000 hits to date Paradigm shift towards corruption

CONCLUSION MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SECURITY, JAMAICA JAMAICA CONSTABULARY FORCE JCF ANTI-CORRUPTION BRANCH CARICOM COMMUNITY UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

CONCLUSION It is best to have a single independent dedicated anti-corruption unit to seriously tackle corruption in the police force. Public support is key A strong national multi-disciplinary strategic approach The best way to plan for an oversight body is to have a proper situation analysis using international standards and sharing national and regional best practices Multi-faceted regional networking

CONCLUSION (Cont’d) Multi-faceted regional networking Academic Support Best Practice sharing Financing