Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons.

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Presentation transcript:

Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons  ionic bonding Sharing of electrons  covalent bonding

Covalent Bonding Results from the attraction between the nucleus on one atom and the electrons on another atom.

The electrons are shared, but not transferred. Often formed between 2 nonmetal atoms of the same element. If Attractions are greater than Repulsions, a bond is formed.

Potential Energy vs. Internuclear Distance Low energy High stability Bonding Systems Non-Bonding Systems

Different ways of representing a covalent bond. Compounds with covalent bonds are molecular!

Recognizing covalent formulas Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetal atoms. Formulas contain nonmetals.

Identify Bond Type from Formula CH 4 Cu SO 2 NaCl H2OH2OH2OH2OCsF Mg Na 2 S Li 3 N CO 2 AgAu CaBr 2 Al 2 O 3 CH 3 OH Al N2O5N2O5N2O5N2O5ZnO Coval Coval Coval Coval Coval Coval Ionic Ionic Ionic Ionic Ionic Ionic Ionic Metal Metal Metal Metal Metal

Making a bond Liberates energy! Separate Atoms Molecule

A + B  AB + energy A and B are both atoms AB is a molecule In this particular case, no bonds are broken and one bond is formed. Energy is released. The reaction is exothermic.

A + B  AB + energy A bond is formed & energy is released. AB has less potential energy than A + B. AB is more stable than A + B

Breaking a Bond Absorbs Energy!

CD + energy  C + D CD is a molecule; C and D are atoms. One bond is broken; no bonds are formed. This reaction is endothermic. C and D have higher potential energy than CD.

Structure of Covalent Compounds They form molecules. The more reactants you have, the more molecules you can make.

Representations of Molecules Space-filling model Ball-and-stick model Ball-and-stick and electron cloud

Representations of Molecules Lewis Structures of Reaction H 2 = Molecular Formula H-H = Structural Formula. - Represents 1 pair of electrons.