ההתקלקלות הבלתי נסבלת של הכבד מיכל כרמיאל - חגי מנהלת השרות להשתלת כבד המכון למחלות דרכי העיכול והכבד המרכז הרפואי ' סוראסקי ' תל - אביב.

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Presentation transcript:

ההתקלקלות הבלתי נסבלת של הכבד מיכל כרמיאל - חגי מנהלת השרות להשתלת כבד המכון למחלות דרכי העיכול והכבד המרכז הרפואי ' סוראסקי ' תל - אביב

פרטי המקרה בת 38 ילידת הארץ ממוצא דרוזי, נ : כאב בטן טרנסאמינזות מוגברות וצהבת סרולוגיה ויראלית – שלילית סרולוגיה אימונית – שלילית ברור למחלת וילסון, חסר A1AT, הדמיה – א.מ.ל ביופסית כבד: AIH VS TOXIC HEPATITIS Rx: פרדניזון

3/7: אישפוז בשל עירפול הכרה והחמרה בתפקודי הכבד והקרישה 4/7: מועברת לטנ"מ איכילוב פרטי המקרה מורדמת, מונשמת יציבה המודינמית, הנשמה: SIMV מחמצנת היטב אישונים שווים ומגיבים, ללא החזרים פתולוגים בדיקה גופנית תקינה למעט צהבת, כבד נמוש מוגדל, מיימת גבולית ס.ד טרומבוציטופניה ולויקוציטוזיס טרנסאמינזות באלפים, בילירובין 14.0mg/dL ->27 mg/dL INR : 2.0 ->4.9 (פקטור V 12.5%) קראטינין 0.55 אמוניה 212 micg/dL Ph 7.31; Lactate 3.3 mmol/L גלוקוז 70 (glucse drip)

CT ראש: ללא דימום, ללא לחץ על חדרי המח פרטי המקרה Intracranial pressure monitoring: Bolt הנשמה סדציה מינימלית IV Glucose drip / Fluids IV N-Acetyl Cystein IV Manitol Antibiotic MARS רישום להשתלה – סטטוס 1 חיפוש תורם מהחי

FULMINANT LIVER FAILURE

DEFINITION <8 week of signs and symptoms No H/O chronic liver disease Coagulopathy Encephalopathy Acute HepatitisSevere Acute Hepatitis Fuliminant Liver Failure

Fulminant Hepatic Failure (FHF): Encephalopathy with jaundice Severely reduced synthetic function (INR) Hyper Acute: Encephalopathy < 7 days after onset of Jaundice Acute: Encephalopathy < 28 days after onset of Jaundice Sub Acute: Encephalopathy < 3 months after onset of disease Definition

Normal Liver Fulminant Hepatitis

Etiology Female= 73% Median age = 38 France USA

Survival in FHF Ostapowicz G et al Ann Intern Med. 2002

Clinical Presentation: Hepatocellular dysfunction Encephalopathy and cerebral edema Infections Multiple organ failure: HD, Respiratory, GI, Kidney Death

Clinical Presentation: Hepatocellular Dysfunction Impaired elimination of bilirubin V Poor synthetic function: Factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X Diminished gluconeogenesis: Hypoglycemia Decreased lactate up-take+increased intracellular lactate: metabolic acidosis

Clinical Presentation: Encephalopathy ALF CIRRHOSIS Brain edema Brain edema MinimalFHF Chronic Acute

Clinical Presentation: Encephalopathy - Pathophysiology Necrosis Renal Failure Liver Failure Infection Others: GABAr? Monoamines? CO 2 Cytockines: TNFA Neurotoxins: Amonia Glutamine Glutamate

Clinical Presentation: Encephalopathy - Pathophysiology Others: GABAr? Monoamines? CO 2 Cytockines: TNFA Neurotoxins: Amonia Glutamine Glutamate Cytogenic EffectVasogenic Effect Cerebral Edma

Hepatic Encephalopathy and Cerebral Edema: Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Brain Edema Symptoms Insomnia Difficulties in concentration Drowsiness confusion Somnolence Coma ICP HTN Convulsions Herniation Death Signs Sluggish speech Flapping tremor

Encephalopathy Treat any reversible condition Sedation/relaxation/ventilation Hyperventilation Imaging ICP monitoring Medication: Osmotherapy Barbiturate Irritation prevention MARS  Lactulos Rx. – No benefit

The MARS ®

MARS - Indications: Bridging for transplant Acute Liver Failure: Increased ICP Alcoholic hepatitis Intoxication Autoimmune Wilson crises Renal failure BeforeDuringAfter ICP (mmHg) Reduction of ICP during MARS treatment Sorkine et al. Crit Care Med 2001

Infection Up to 80% of pts.: Bacteremia in 25% of pts. Fungal infection in 30% Pathophysiology: Impaired neutrophil function Damaged hepatic macrophages Invasive procedures

Infection High index of suspicious Low threshold for Abs. Rx. Surveillance culturing Prophylaxis – controversial Enteral decontamination

Multiple Organ Failure Syndrome Peripheral vasodilatation (hypotension) Respiratory failure (pulmonary edema vs. ARDS) Acute tubular necrosis DIC MAP >60 mm Hg Ventilation Renal failure: Hemofiltration MARS

באדיבות ד"ר נמרוד עדי, ט"נ

Outcome Predictors: Overall transplant- free survival = 18-33% Clinical Age Encephalopathy Etiology ICP Lab. test Bilirubin Creatinine INR, factor V Lactate Phosphate AFP Valine pH Cholinesterase MELD score PhysiologicalAPACHE II HistologicalDegree of necrosis MorphologicalLiver volume Favorable ACAP intoxication HAV AFLP Shock liver Unfavorable Idiopathic Drugs (not ACPA) HBV Other

Criteria of King’s College, London Acetamonophen Patients: Arterial pH<7.3, or INR>6.5 + Serum creatinine > 3.4 Non-acetaminophen Patients : INR >6.5, or Any three of the following: Age 40 Etiology: non A, non B, halothane hepatitis, idiosyncratic drug reaction Duration of jaundice before encephalopathy > 7 days INR > 3.5 Factor V <20% < age 30 yr, or Factor V age 30yr Hospital Paul-Brousse

Management: Intensive care Etiology – specific Rx. Consultation with LTx center Contraindication for Tx Continue intensive support Transfer to LTx center – National status one Re-assess for recovery or contraindication for LTx Liver Transplantation Ongoing intensive care Yes No

Fulminant Hepatic Failure in TASMC 4/2000 – 10/ Pts. (M:F = 18:20) Median age of 39 Y/O ( ) 27/40 referrals with liver failure had FHF

Liver Transplantation for FHF TASMC 4/2000 – 10/ /38 (57%) where listed for Tx. Median age: 33 y/o (range: 15-61) Transplanted: 15; Recovered w/o Tx: 4; Died w/o Tx: 3 17/38 where not listed Not eligible: 9 (M=64 y/o) 100% mortality Not indicated: 7 (M=49 y/o) 100% recovery

11/15 Urgent LTx (CD:LDLT = 6 : 5) Median F/U of 19 months ( m) One year graft survival: 67%  Cadaveric Tx = 40%  Living donor = 100% One year patient survival = 78% Cause of death: Primary graft non-function Sepsis Outcome of Liver Transplantation Due to FHF TASMC

Outcome of Patients with FHF According to Etiology TASMC

תודה