English Software Electrical Engineering and Electrical Equipment

Diode Kinds of diodes: Kinds of diodes: point diode point diode impulse diode impulse diode flattish diode flattish diode cener diode cener diode tunnel diode tunnel diode parametrical diode parametrical diode light diode light diode

Photodiode This is a diode with such concentration, that its transition can be illuminated This is a diode with such concentration, that its transition can be illuminated It is made of germanium and sicillium It is made of germanium and sicillium When it is in a function mode it needs an appropriate supply and it is always engaged in reverse direction When it is in a function mode it needs an appropriate supply and it is always engaged in reverse direction А – anode А – anode A

Transistor A Transistor is a semi-conductor device, which amplifies the power of the electric signals Transistors are separated on two major groups: Bipolar (BJT) and Field (FET). Each transistor consists of a semi-conductor crystal, within which three areas with alternative conductance are formed. ErEr Rr

Varistor VDR - resistor This is a non-linear semi-conductor resistance with symmetrical current voltage characteristic This is a non-linear semi-conductor resistance with symmetrical current voltage characteristic Its basic function is that, when voltage rises over certain limits, its resistance decreases sharply Its basic function is that, when voltage rises over certain limits, its resistance decreases sharply A varistor is used as a voltage stop in stabilizing circuits and etc. A varistor is used as a voltage stop in stabilizing circuits and etc. U

Phototransistor PNP This is a bipolar transistor, which collector transition can be illuminated, but it has not a base terminal It is made of germanium and sicillium and it can be from PNP or NPN type It is made of germanium and sicillium and it can be from PNP or NPN type When it is in a function mode it needs an appropriate supply, and an emitter transition is engaged in a forward, but a collector in a reverse direction When it is in a function mode it needs an appropriate supply, and an emitter transition is engaged in a forward, but a collector in a reverse direction The reverse collector current is that, that grew when it is illuminated. The reverse collector current is that, that grew when it is illuminated. PNP NPN

Photo resistor This is a semi-conductor device, which resistance decreases when it is illuminated. This is a semi-conductor device, which resistance decreases when it is illuminated. It is used in automation. It is used in automation.

Dinistor A dinistor is used in a number of engaging schemes. Its structure resembles the structure of a thyristor, but it has not a controlling electrode.

Thermistor This is a resistor with a high temperature coefficient of resistance This is a resistor with a high temperature coefficient of resistance Its basic characteristic is that when heated up, its resistance decreases sharply Its basic characteristic is that when heated up, its resistance decreases sharply The own concentration of the current carrier is highly increased when the temperature rises, and the resistance of the thermistor decreases. The own concentration of the current carrier is highly increased when the temperature rises, and the resistance of the thermistor decreases. It is used for stabilization of the temperature of electric circuits, as temperature thermometers and etc. It is used for stabilization of the temperature of electric circuits, as temperature thermometers and etc. toto NTC

Thyristor A thyristor is a controlling semi-conductor diode A thyristor is a controlling semi-conductor diode It is used as an electronic switch which can switch over electric circuit It is used as an electronic switch which can switch over electric circuit It is used as a part in devices as current regulator, rectifier and starter. It is used as a part in devices as current regulator, rectifier and starter. structure of an ordinary thyristor consists of four layers with alternative conductivity and of three PN passages. The end passages Y1 and Y3 are called emitters, and J2 is called collector. structure of an ordinary thyristor consists of four layers with alternative conductivity and of three PN passages. The end passages Y1 and Y3 are called emitters, and J2 is called collector. The thyristor that controls the circuit is situated among the controlled electrode and cathode, and the controlled circuit is among the anode and cathode. The thyristor that controls the circuit is situated among the controlled electrode and cathode, and the controlled circuit is among the anode and cathode. YEYE P1 N1N1 P2P2 N2N2 P1P1 YE YE Y1 Y2 Y3

Triaca (semistor) This is a symmetrical thyristor with two anodes and a controlling electrode This is a symmetrical thyristor with two anodes and a controlling electrode It consists of six semi- conductor areas, in which PN transitions are formed It consists of six semi- conductor areas, in which PN transitions are formed A triaca is used in a number of engaging schemes and in automation. A triaca is used in a number of engaging schemes and in automation.

Types of circuit schemes A circuit scheme signals processed technology of production degree of integration frequency

According to the signals processed signals processed analogy (linear) digital (logical and impulse)

According to the technology of production technology of production semi- conductor layers hybrids

According to the degree of integration ( the number of elements in the crystal) degree of integration small degree of integration middle degree of integration extreme degree of integration

According to the frequency frequency low- frequency middle- frequency high- frequency extreme- frequency

Solar Collector 1. Solar Collector 2. Boiler 3. Circulation pump 4. Closed extended vessel 5. Safety valve 6. Spherical crane 7. Return valve with a flap 8. Differential thermo regulator 9. Automatic vacuum pump with a flap 10.Crane for filling and running off 11. Spherical crane with hollander 12. Safety valve 13. Spherical crane 14. Return valve with a flap 15. Water filter

Solar Collector 1. Sollar Collector 2. Multipurpose Solar Boiler 3. Circulation pump 4. Closed extended vessel 5. Safety valve 6. Stopping valve 7. Return valve 8. Differential thermo regulator 9. Vacuum process 10. Draining 11. Caldron hydro heating 12. Recirculation pump

Solar collector elements

Solar collector photo

Caldron Solid Fuel 1. Caldron – 7, 8 sections 2.Warmer up for water 3. Extending vessel 4. Pump 5. Return valve 6. Return valve 7. Automat for supplement 8. Crane for filling and running off 9. Spherical crane 10. Spherical crane 11. Water filter 12. Safety valve 13. Thermostat contact 14. Automatic vacuum pump with a flap 15. Safety valve 16. Spherical crane with hollander

Electro Caldron with accumulating vessels 1. Electro caldron 2. Automatic vacuum pump with a valve 3. Spherical crane 4. Closed extending vessel 5. Water filter 6. Safety valve 7. Indoor thermostat 8. Three – way valve 9. Thermal motor 10. Accumulating feed tank 11. Pump 12. Spherical crane 13. Automat for supplement 14. Crane for filling and draining

Local storey heating 1. Electro caldron 2. Automatic vacuum pump with a valve 3. Spherical crane with hollander 4. Closed extended vessel 5. Water filter 6. Safety valve 7. Indoor thermostat 8. Spherical crane 9. Automat for supplement 10. Crane for draining

Electricity generator

Motor / Generator

Electricity generator

Satellite