Chapter 7 West Virginia’s First People Review
the beliefs, customs, and civilization of a particular people or group
culture
before written history
prehistory
What three cultures are included as prehistoric cultures? Paleo Archaic Early and Middle Woodland
earliest primitive hunters
Paleo Indians
used to throw spears with more force
atlatl
studies the origin, development, customs, and beliefs of humans
anthropologist
most lasting remains of the Adena
Earthen mounds and walls
Institute Mound – Kanawha County
items such as bits of stone, bone, pottery, tools, cave paintings, and weavings that are left behind by people artifacts
In WV, where are the majority of the mounds located?
Ohio, Kanawha, Potomac River Valleys
largest mound east of the Mississippi River
Grave Creek Mound, Moundsville, Marshall County
Grave Creek Mound – Marshall County
second largest mound in WV
Creil Mound, South Charleston, Kanawha County
South Charleston Mound – Kanawha County
needed to construct the mounds with such accuracy
Knowledge of mathematics
Why bury their dead in vault ?
They believed in the after life
found on Mount Carbon in Fayette county
Long Walls
Walls in Tyler County
Ben's Run
Woodland Indians changed from hunting and gathering to -
agriculture - farming
What kind of crops did they grow?
corn, beans, squash
Woodland shelters
Wigwams
Longhouses
two methods of making fire
friction and spark
clearings made by burning off the ground cover
Old Fields
Indians only domesticated animal
dog
Indians main of means transportation
canoe
Indian method of education
learn by doing, skills that were necessary for their way of life
Method of appreciation of their heritage
free verse poetry
What three reasons are given for the Indians’ migration? Famine Disease Driven out by Iroquois
disease devastating to the Indians
smallpox
What Indian tribes made up the Iroquois Nation?
Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, Seneca, later Tuscarora
What tribes were forced west of the Ohio River by the Iroquois?
Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware
What the area that is WV become when the Indian tribes no longer lived here
hunting and fishing ground
study what people leave behind
archaeologist
strip of land that at one time joined together NA and Asia
Bering Strait
Studies origin, history, structure of earth
geologist
wanderer
nomads
Values or traditions handed down from previous generations
heritage
Moving from one area to another
migration
Shortage of food
famine
Natural resistance to disease
immunity
Powerful union of tribes
Iroquois
Middle era of Woodland Culture
Hopewell
Early period of Woodland Culture
Adena
Culture that followed the Paleo Indians, gatherers, not only hunters
Archaic
Long walls in Fayette County
Mount Carbon
Compare the size of Grave Creek and Creil Mounds
Grave Creek is twice as big
Found inside the mounds
Found in mounds Chambers Shell beads Skeletons Mica Copper bracelets
Conclusions from what was found in mounds
Conclusions Life after death Contact with others Form of government Leadership Craftsmen
Theory on the purpose of the long walls
Defense & Worship
Purpose of Indian celebrations
Religious (thanked Gods)
Earliest WV culture that we have much information
Adena-Hopewell
Place of the foot
Allegheny
Place of white stone
Kanawha
Narrow bottomed river
Guyandotte
River of plenty fat doe
Pocatalico
White foaming river
Ohio
Endless mountain range
Appalachian
Daughter of the stars
Shenandoah
River of fat elk
Elk or Tiskelwah
County named for Chief
Logan
County named for Indian Princess
Pocahontas
County named for Indian Tribe
Mingo
Once great Indian Town
Buffalo Village
Identify the Indian Culture associated with the following items
Early/Middle Woodland 7-foot skeleton Early/Middle Woodland
Atlatl Archaic
Clovis Point Paleo
Early/Middle Woodland Farming Early/Middle Woodland
Folsom point Archaic
fruits and nuts Archaic
gatherers Archaic
hunters Paleo
Early/Middle Woodland mounds Early/Middle Woodland
wooly mammoth Paleo
woven nets Archaic
Early/Middle Woodland Wigwams Early/Middle Woodland