1. Ohio’s Early People
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
Pages 28-33

2. A Long Time Ago
Thousands of years ago, Earth had long periods of freezing cold  Ice Ages
What happened to the Earth?
A “bridge” of dry land appeared between Asian and what is now Alaska

3. A Long Time Ago People from Asia began to cross the land bridge
Nomads = people without a permanent home
Moved in bands (small family groups) and followed herds of animals
Spread out over North and South America
Ancestors of present-day Native Americans

4. Prehistoric Indians of Ohio
12,00 years ago reached Ohio
Lived before written history = “prehistoric people”

5. Prehistoric Indians of Ohio
Paleo-Indians  first people to live in Ohio
Nomads; hunted large animals for food
Last Ice Age ended 10,000 years ago  large animals died out
People had to adapt to survive

6. Prehistoric Indians of Ohio
Archaic Indians  after the last Ice Age
Fished and hunted, ate plants and gathered nuts and berries
Built wooden tents covered with bark/animal skin
Made tools from stone= axes, spearheads
Tools enabled them to build canoes  began to trade
Each group had its own culture

7. The Mound Builders
Part of a larger group known as the Woodland Indians
Arrived in Ohio 3,000 years ago
Built mounds piles of hard-packed earth and stone
Scientists have discovered artifacts in the mounds (spearheads, jewelry, beads)
Included two main groups: Adena and Hopewell

8. The Mound Builders Adena  villages in southern Ohio
Grew squash and sunflowers
Hunted, fished, gathered fruits
Made pottery, used stone axes and hoes
Mounds used for burials
Important leaders – mound build over the site
Mounds grew as more were buried

9. Adena Mounds

10. The Mound Builders Hopewell  central and southern Ohio
Culture grew from the Adena’s
Larger mounds, many shapes
Used for religious ceremonies, social gatherings, trading centers
Objects made with copper and shells
Trade network stretched to Rocky Mountains and Gulf of Mexico
Division of labor

11. Hopewell Mounds

12. The Mound Builders
Fort Ancient Indians  villages in southern Ohio 1,000 years ago
One of the last groups of prehistoric people
Late Prehistoric Indians
Depended on farming

13. The Mound Builders
Fort Ancient Indians build villages with square or circle-shaped houses made from wooden poles
Built mounds  shaped like animals
Great Serpent Mound

14. The Great Serpent Mound