Unit 1, Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Pages 62 – 67 The Eastern Woodlands Unit 1, Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Pages 62 – 67

Objectives Describe how the Eastern Woodlands peoples adapted to their environment Locate the Eastern Woodlands cultural area and compare lifeways among its inhabitants.

Life in the Eastern Woodland Stretched east of the Mississippi River Name  the thick forests that covered the land Villages built along banks of rivers and streams www.promotega.org

A Common Resource TREES Shelter Weapons Tools Canoes Food: Cherries and plums

Eastern Woodland People Northeastern part of the Woodlands Soil was rocky People did more hunting and gathering Southern areas of the Woodlands Soil was better/richer with nutrients People would farm: beans, corn, squash

JOBS – Division of Labor MEN Hunted animals for food Used antlers and bones to make tools Used spears & nets to catch fish Cleared land for planting WOMEN Prepared the food Used animal skins to make clothing & moccasins Planted & harvested crops (along with the children

Two Groups of Eastern Woodlands Iroquois Algonquian Separated into these groups based on the languages they spoke

IROQUOIS Lived inland: Great Lake Region PA, NY, & Lake Ontario of Canada Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca These tribes known as the Iroquois, or the FIVE NATIONS Iroquois Flag

Iroquois Villages Iroquois were farmers Built on steep hills PALISADES – walls of tall wooden poles Built around villages for protection

Iroquois Shelters Longhouses – long wooden building that could hold up to 50 people Poles made from small trees, bent then covered with bark Divided into sections Held one to two families american-native-art.com

Iroquois Crops Three main crops: Corn, Beans, Squash Crops called: Three Sisters All three crops were planted in the same field After a few years, soil less fertile A new field would be cleared in another area

CRAFTS Wampum – beads cut from seashells Used to make beaded designs Traded & Exchanged for goods Used to show: Important decisions Events Stories warriors.warren.k12.il.us

Iroquois League Five nations often battled over control of hunting grounds Hiawatha – saw family killed by another tribe He was to kill those who killed his family He wanted fighting to stop

Hiawatha Leaves his village to meet with Deganawida (deh-gahn-uh-WEE-duh) Deganawida known as the Peacemaker Eventually, they convinced the Five Nations to unite and work together

United Iroquois Formed about A.D. 1570 Acted as a Confederation Confederation – loose group of governments working together Representatives were sent from all tribes Grand Council – settled disputes among the people peacefully

What was used to make longhouses? Trees bent to make the frame and covered with bark

Why were trees important to the Eastern Woodlands? Provided the wood used to make tools, canoes, shelter, and were also a source of food.

ALGONQUIAN Three tribes that lived along the coastal plain: Delaware Wampanoag Powhatan

ALGONQUIAN Other tribes that lived inland, around the Great Lakes: Ottawa Chippewa Miami

Algonquian Homes Some groups built longhouses like the Iroquois Others built round, bark-covered shelters Wigwams Built like longhouses: small trees bent, tied together into a dome shape, then covered with bark

Algonquian Food Did not rely on farming FISHED Built canoes Used animal bones & wood to make hooks and fishing traps www.buckskinnerweb.com

Clothing MEN WOMEN Wore dresses Wore shirts Made from deerskin Leggins Moccasins All made from deerskin WOMEN Wore dresses Made from deerskin

Government Algonquian groups had leaders who governed more than one village Some had two chiefs: one for matters of peace one for matters of war

Ceremonies Marriage Ceremonies Man had to show he was a good hunter Woman had to show she was a good homemaker Couple would marry by exchanging gifts and inviting their families to a feast

How did the diet of the Algonquian differ from that of the Iroquois? The Algonquian ate more fish, while the Iroquois relied more on crops

How is the term confederation related to the Iroquois League? The Iroquois League was a confederation of different groups

Why did the Iroquois groups choose to come together to form the Iroquois League? The groups thought they could better protect themselves and their way of life if they cooperated.

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