Sistem Jaringan dan Komunikasi Data #13 Internet, Intranet, dan Ekstranet

Principles and Learning Objectives The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications Describe the World Wide Web and how it works Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools Identify and briefly describe the applications associated with the Internet and the Web Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web commerce Outline a process for creating Web content Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them Identify several issues associated with the use of networks Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Use and Functioning of the Internet ARPANET Ancestor of the Internet Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969 Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

How the Internet Works Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Backbone Transport-layer protocol that most Internet applications use with IP Backbone One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance communications links Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An assigned address on the Internet for each computer Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

How the Internet Works (continued) Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names Has authority to resolve domain name disputes Cyber-squatters Register domain names in the hope of selling them to corporations or people Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

How the Internet Works (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition How the Internet Works (continued) Accessing the Internet Connect via LAN Server Connect via Dial-up Connect via High-Speed Service Connect Wirelessly

How the Internet Works (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition How the Internet Works (continued)

Internet Service Providers Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet Most charge a monthly fee Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

The World Wide Web Collection of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an Internet Hyperlink Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document that, when clicked, opens a new Web page Web browser Web client software such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

The World Wide Web (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition The World Wide Web (continued)

The World Wide Web (continued) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Standard page description language for Web pages HTML tags Let the browser know how to format text Extensible Markup Language (XML) Markup language for Web documents containing structured information Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) File or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual appearance of content in a Web page Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Web 2.0 and the Social Web Web 2.0 Rich Internet application Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Web 2.0 and the Social Web Web 2.0 The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information Rich Internet application Software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application software, but runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation

Web Programming Languages Java Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++ Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document Other languages Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Developing Web Content Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing Web sites: Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web, and Nvu Popular publishing options: ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting Mash-up Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into one song Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Web Services Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites XML The key to Web services Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Web Services (continued) Other components used in Web service applications: SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) WSDL (Web Services Description Language) UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Internet and Web Applications Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Internet and Web Applications Search engines and Web research Search engines Have become important to businesses as a tool to drive visitors to the business’ Web site SEO has become a valuable marketing tool

Search Engines and Web Research Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Business Uses of the Web Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association Established in 1991 Allows businesses to connect to the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat No longer limited to simple text messages Can embed sound and images Can attach files Instant messaging Online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat (continued)

Career Information and Job Searching Search engines Good starting point for searching for specific companies or industries Job sites www.directmarketingcareers.com www.monster.com www.hotjobs.com www.careerbuilder.com Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Telnet, SSH, and FTP Telnet Secure Shell (SSH) Network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the Internet Secure Shell (SSH) Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Supports file transfers between a host and a remote computer Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting Web site that people create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics Podcast Audio broadcast over the Internet An audio blog Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Usenet and Newsgroups Usenet Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service Topic are called newsgroups Protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Chat Rooms Enable two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services Internet phone service Relatively inexpensive, especially for international calls Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology Network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data Internet videoconferencing Supports both voice and visual communications Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Social Networks Facebook The U.S. intelligence community Twitter Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Social Networks Facebook Provides an application development platform so that technically proficient members can create applications to run within Facebook The U.S. intelligence community Is adopting social networking to share information among operatives and analysts Twitter Allows members to report on what they are doing throughout the day

Media Sharing YouTube Flickr Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Media Sharing YouTube Allows members to post homemade video content Flickr Allows members to upload photos to their own personal online photo album and choose photos to share with the community

Social Bookmarking Purpose Popular social bookmarking sites Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Social Bookmarking Purpose To provide a view of the most popular Web sites, videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any given moment Popular social bookmarking sites del.icio.us Digg

Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Content Streaming Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet Enables users to browse large files in real time

Shopping on the Web Amazon Shorts Bot (intelligent agent) Has stories that vary in length from 2,000 to 10,000 words Bot (intelligent agent) Software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Web Auctions Web auction eBay Auction sites A way to connect buyers and sellers eBay Popular auction site Easy to use and includes thousands of products and services in many categories Auction sites Cannot always determine whether the people and companies listing products and services are legitimate Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet Video and TV are also becoming available Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol Used to put TV programming on the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

E-Books and Audio Books Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition E-Books and Audio Books Digital books, both in text and audio form Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing devices and services Audio books Have become more popular due to the popularity of the iPod and services like audible.com

Office on the Web Internet office Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and more Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Other Internet Services and Applications Can provide critical information during times of disaster Can be used to translate words, sentences, or complete documents from one language into another Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically increased in the last several years Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

1999 Internet Intranet Extranet Our Company Partner

Intranets and Extranets Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and technologies Extranet Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners Virtual private network (VPN) Secure connection between two points on the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Intranets and Extranets (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition Intranets and Extranets (continued)

What is an Extranet? An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended to users outside the company. The same benefits that Web technologies have brought to corporate Intranets are now starting to accelerate business between businesses.

More on Extranets Extranets can be used to exchange large volumes of data, share product catalogues, share news with trading partners, collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts, jointly develop and share training programs with other companies, provide or access applications between companies, and much more. It may sound like a technology for geeks only. But many people use extranets every day without realizing it--to track packaged goods, order products from their suppliers or access customer assistance from other companies.

More on Extranets Log on to the FedEx site to check the status of that package you sent this morning, for example, and you've just used an extranet in one of its simplest forms. An extranet is a mechanism based on Internet and Web technology for communicating both privately and selectively with your customers and business partners.

Differences between an Extranet, an Intranet and the Internet? First there was the Internet, which is available for everyone to use. Then businesses got smart and started developing their own intranets that used the same friendly Web interface but put up firewalls so that only employees could see the information on the site. Finally, the intranet was created. It finds itself somewhere in between—there's still a firewall, but you allow only selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, inside.

Why would you use Extranets? When done correctly, extranets provide a safe way to allow transactional business-to-business activities and can save your company some serious time and money. The automotive industry uses extranets to cut down on its redundant ordering processes and keep suppliers up to date on parts and design changes, allowing quicker response times to suppliers' problems and questions. Suppliers can receive proposals, submit bids, provide documents, even collect payments through an extranet site. An extranet has restricted (password-protected) access, so it may be connected directly to each party's internal systems.

Does every Company Need one? Many view extranets as the next era in Web development. While other business-to-business communications, such as electronic data interchange (EDI), are out there, an extranet is more user-friendly because of its Web interface and allows for less regimented and more ad-hoc inquiries. Before a company can make an attempt at harnessing the capabilities and profits gained from using an extranet, a fully functioning intranet has to be in place. In time, companies may be forced to use an extranet with their suppliers and customers. Even now, some large corporations say they will not do business with companies that won't be connected to a secure extranet in the coming years.

Disadvantages of Extranets The benefits of extranets, such as reduced time to market and cost of doing business, and faster access to partner information, may be outweighed by the costs—security, Web servers and development, legacy systems integration, ongoing support and maintenance. Extranets require a large amount of IS time and energy, much more than what it takes to get an intranet or Web site up and running, which may place it at the bottom of the IS group's to-do list. PCS Computer Academy

Net Issues Management issues Service and speed issues Preventing attacks Service and speed issues Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on company intranets Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites People and companies are reluctant to embrace the Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition