Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Module 5

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Skeletal system Fractures Dislocation Sprain and strains

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Femur Tibia Fibula The Skeletal System

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Function Body framework Support muscles, blood vessels, and nerves Protects vital organs such as heart, lungs, and the brain

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fracture Break or crack in a bone Category Closed fracture Skin is not broken Open fracture Bone is exposed at the surface of skin

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fracture Types Simple fracture Bone is broken Compound fracture Bone and tissue damage Complicated fracture Broken bone damage organ

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fracture Signs and symptoms Deformity, swelling and bruise on the fractured site Pain, and difficulty in moving Shortening, bending, or limb twisted Coarse grating heard or felt at bone ends Loss of function An open wound

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fracture First aid treatment Instruct the casualty not to move Check for bleeding Check for shock Reassure the casualty Immobilize and support the fracture Immobilization Use of bandages Use of splints Combination of the above

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fracture Monitoring after immobilization Check fingers or toes for discoloration Pulse check Arrange for transport to medical facilities Precaution Do not allow the casualty to eat, drink or smoke. Do not move the casualty until the affected part is immobilized unless there is immediate danger. Do not press down directly on the protruding bone end

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fractured Rib Cage Specific signs and symptoms Pain on taking a deep breath, cough or laugh Shallow breathing Open wound over fracture, sucking sound heard in the chest cavity

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Fractured Rib Cage Specific first aid treatment Penetrating chest wound, seal wound Support the arm on the affected site with an elevation sling Precaution Place casualty in the recovery position on his injured site allowing the uninjured side for full capacity breathing

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Spinal Injury Causes Falling from a height Hitting the bottom of a shallow pool through diving Thrown from a motorbike or horse Sudden slowing in a motor vehicle Heavy object falling across the back Injury to the face or the head

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Spinal Injury Signs and symptoms Deformity in the normal curvature of the spine Tenderness over the skin of the spine Loss of control over limbs, movement maybe weak or absent Loss of sensation Abnormal sensation such as tingling or burning Loss of bladder or bowel function Breathing difficulties

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Spinal Injury Treatment Reassure casualty, instruct not to move Steady the affected part by supporting the head No unnecessary movement Apply jaw-thrust for unconscious casualty to open the airway Call for ambulance Monitor pulse, breathing and level of response

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Spinal Injury Precaution Adopt log-roll technique if the casualty has to be moved Do not move the casualty from his original position unless there is immediate danger (To demonstrate log-roll technique)

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Instructor to demonstrate, participants to practice Fracture of radius & ulna Injured elbow Fracture of Humerus

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Immobilization of the lower limb Instructor to demonstrate, participants to practice

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Fracture of Femur

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Fracture of Knee-cap

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Fracture of Bones of foot Fracture of Bones of hand

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Splintless method of immobilization Elbow Fracture (original position) Collar Bone Fracture Forearm Fracture

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Immobilization Improvisation In the absence of triangular bandage any elongated item can be used e.g cloth,belts. Precaution  Monitor the blood circulation regularly at the extremities of limbs i.e toes and thumb. Readjust the bandage when there is indication of increased tightness.

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Joints Place at which one bone meets another Joined by ligaments Dislocated joint Joint injury in which the bones are partially or completely pulled out of position Cause Violent muscle contraction Violent twisting

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Dislocation Signs and symptoms Pain Limited movement Shortening, bending or twisting of the area Treatment Immobilize the affected area Support the affected area after it has been immobilized Check for pulse and respiration Check for circulation at the fingers or toes every 10 mins

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Dislocation Precaution Do not reposition a dislocated bone into it’s socket, it may cause more injury Do not move the affected part before immobilization Do not allow the casualty to eat and drink

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Sprains and Strains A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibres of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching of some part of the musculature No dislocation is involved in sprains and strains

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Sprains and Strains Signs and symptoms Limited movement in the joints Pain and tenderness Swelling and bruising

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Sprains and Strains Treatment RICE Rest Ice (<10 mins) Compression Elevation

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries Sprains and Strains Precaution Ice should be wrapped in a cloth before applying and should not exceed more than 10 minutes at one application Check circulation every 10 minutes after bandage had been applied

The End Module 5 Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries For training purpose only . Not for sale