5. Answer the following questions using the information related to reactions X, Y, and Z in the table above. (a) For reaction X, write the expression for.

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5. Answer the following questions using the information related to reactions X, Y, and Z in the table above. (a) For reaction X, write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp . (b) For reaction X, will the equilibrium constant, Kp , increase, decrease, or remain the same if the temperature rises above 298 K ? Justify your answer. Reaction Equation Ho298 So298 Go298 X C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) +131 kJ mol-1 +134 J mol-1 K-1 +91 kJ mol-1 Y CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g) +41 kJ mol-1 +42 J mol-1 K-1 +29 kJ mol-1 Z 2 CO(g) Æ¨ C(s)  CO2(g) ?

(c) For reaction Y at 298 K, is the value of Kp greater than 1, less than 1, or equal to 1? Justify your answer. (d) For reaction Y at 298 K, which is larger: the total bond energy of the reactants or the total bond energy of the products? Explain. Reaction Equation Ho298 So298 Go298 X C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) +131 kJ mol-1 +134 J mol-1 K-1 +91 kJ mol-1 Y CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g) +41 kJ mol-1 +42 J mol-1 K-1 +29 kJ mol-1 Z 2 CO(g) Æ¨ C(s)  CO2(g) ?

((e) Is the following statement true or false? Justify your answer. “On the basis of the data in the table, it can be predicted that reaction Y will occur more rapidly than reaction X will occur.” (f) Consider reaction Z at 298 K. (i) Is ΔS° for the reaction positive, negative, or zero? Justify your answer. Reaction Equation Ho298 So298 Go298 X C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) +131 kJ mol-1 +134 J mol-1 K-1 +91 kJ mol-1 Y CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g) +41 kJ mol-1 +42 J mol-1 K-1 +29 kJ mol-1 Z 2 CO(g) Æ¨ C(s)  CO2(g) ?

(ii) Determine the value of ΔH° for the reaction. (iii) A sealed glass reaction vessel contains only CO(g) and a small amount of C(s). If a reaction occurs and the temperature is held constant at 298 K, will the pressure in the reaction vessel increase, decrease, or remain the same over time? Explain. Reaction Equation Ho298 So298 Go298 X C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) +131 kJ mol-1 +134 J mol-1 K-1 +91 kJ mol-1 Y CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g) +41 kJ mol-1 +42 J mol-1 K-1 +29 kJ mol-1 Z 2 CO(g) Æ¨ C(s)  CO2(g) ?

2009 AP® CHEMISTRY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS (Form B) 5. Answer the following questions about nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. In the boxes below, draw the complete Lewis electron-dot diagrams for N2 and NH3 . (b) Calculate the standard free-energy change, ΔG°, that occurs when 12.0 g of H2(g) reacts with excess N2(g) at 298 K according to the reaction represented below. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) G @298 K = -34 kJ mol-1

(c) Given that ΔH298 for the reaction is −92 (c) Given that ΔH298 for the reaction is −92.2 kJ mol-1, which is larger, the total bond dissociation energy of the reactants or the total bond dissociation energy of the products? Explain. (d) The value of the standard entropy change, ΔS298 , for the reaction is −199 J mol-1K-1. Explain why the value of ΔS298 is negative.

(e) Assume that ΔH° and ΔS° for the reaction are independent of temperature. Explain why there is a temperature above 298 K at which the algebraic sign of the value of ΔG° changes. (ii) Theoretically, the best yields of ammonia should be achieved at low temperatures and high pressures. Explain.