E1 – Electrical Fundamentals

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Presentation transcript:

E1 – Electrical Fundamentals # 4 - Symbols and Wiring Diagrams

Electrical Loads Loads Examples: Consume electricity Do work Motors Solenoids Heaters Lights © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Motors Common symbols: (Letters tell what motor is represented) COMP EFM IFM COMP EFM IFM COMPressor Evaporator Fan Motor Indoor Fan Motor COMP CFM OFM CFM OFM COMP Condenser Fan Motor Outdoor Fan Motor © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Solenoid When current flows through a coil of wire it creates a magnetic field This will cause an action in a relay or valve Electrical symbol for a solenoid coil: © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Magnetic coil energized Solenoid Valve Magnetic coil energized Plunger pulled up Power off Plunger drops This solenoid valve is in the NC (normally closed) position. The flow of liquid or vapor is stopped. When the magnetic coil is energized the plunger is raised and fluid passes under the disk and through the pipe in the direction of the arrow stamped on the side of the valve. Fluid flows Plunger Fluid stops Seat © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Heaters Convert electrical energy to heat Symbol for resistance heaters: Examples of heaters: Auxiliary strip heaters Crankcase heaters © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

R B G Signal Lights R Red B Blue G Green, etc. Used to show when something is operating, or when there is a problem. Symbol for signal lights: R B G Letter in the center denotes bulb color: R Red B Blue G Green, etc. © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Contactor It is a mechanical switch, operated by a magnetic coil Energizing the coil closes the contacts Power flows through the contacts to the load For more on contactors: See Topic E2 Subject 3 “Contactors and Motor Starters” © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Contactor Cutaway LINE 1 Power In CONTROL CIRCUIT 2 Coil 3 Contacts LOAD CONTROL CIRCUIT LINE 1 Power In 2 Coil 3 Contacts 4 Power Out © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Symbols for Contactors Coil Contact Single pole Double pole Triple pole 115v 208-230v, 1 208-230v, 3 Symbols are shown “de-energized” (no power) with contacts “normally open” © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Visualizing symbols with power on The following slide illustrates what happens when the power is turned on © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Contactor coil “energized” Contacts close Coil Contact Single pole Double pole Triple pole 115v 208-230v, 1 208-230v, 3 © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Relays Similar to contactors Usually under 20 amp capacity Contacts may be: Normally open (NO) Normally closed (NC) Or a combination of NO and NC © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Coil “de-energized” (no power) Symbols for RELAYS Coil “de-energized” (no power) Normally Open “NO” 1 2 1 2 3 Single pole Double pole Triple pole #1 NO #2 NC #1 NC #2 NO #3 NC Normally Closed “NC” © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Visualizing symbols with power on The following slide illustrates what happens when the power is turned on © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Coil “energized” (powered up) Symbols for RELAYS Coil “energized” (powered up) Normally Open “NO” 1 2 1 2 3 Single pole Double pole Triple pole #1 NO #2 NC #1 NC #2 NO #3 NC Normally Closed “NC” © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Introduction to switches Switches open and close contacts to control a load Contact: the conducting part of a switch Poles: the number of contacts in a switch Throw: the number of closed contact positions per pole © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Single Throw Switch Symbols Switch closed Switch open Single Pole – Single Throw (SPST) L1 Switch closed Switch open L2 Double Pole – Single Throw (DPST) © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Double Throw Switches Each switch position closes a circuit © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Single Pole - Double Throw (SPDT) Contacts 1-2 closed Contacts 1-2 open 2 1 Contacts 1-3 open Contacts 1-3 closed 3 © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Double Pole – Double Throw (DPDT) Contacts 1-3 closed Contacts 1-2 closed 2 1 3 5 Contacts 4-5 closed 4 6 Contacts 4-6 closed © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Thermostats COOL OFF HEAT ON FAN AUTO B O W Y G R 70 80 60 50 Symbol depicts a bimetal spring which closes and opens the contacts Tstats are usually shown in their “normal” position, which is open © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Symbols for Thermostats Cooling thermostat In actual operation As the temperature goes up the rise in temperature causes the bimetal to expand the expanded bimetal raises the arm the raised arm closes the contacts © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Symbols for Thermostats Heating thermostat In actual operation As the room temperature falls the fall in temperature causes the bimetal to contract the contracted bimetal pulls down on the arm the arm closes the contacts © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Pressure Controls Symbol depicts a bellows which operates the contacts Pressure safety controls are usually shown in their “normal” position, which is closed © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Low Pressure Control © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Symbols for Pressure Controls Low pressure control In actual operation As the system pressure falls the fall in pressure causes the bellows to deflate the deflated bellows pulls down on the arm the arm opens the contacts © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Symbols for Pressure Controls High pressure control In actual operation As the system pressure rises the rise in pressure causes the bellows to inflate the inflated bellows raises the arm the raised arm opens the contacts © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Fuses and Overloads Symbols for safety devices, such as fuses and overloads, are usually shown closed © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Safety Device Symbols Fuses Overloads Bimetal overload: High heat and high amperage open this overload switch. Thermal overload relay: Excessive amperage heats the thermal element, which opens the switch. Magnetic overload relay: Excessive amperage creates a magnetic field, which opens the switch. © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Introduction to Wiring Diagrams The following slide is a diagram of an attic exhaust fan The fan is controlled by a standard switch © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Attic Exhaust Fan FM Switch controls fan L1 N © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Adding controls to the diagram A thermostat replaces the standard switch This allows the fan to operate automatically, based on attic temperatures © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

Simple Circuit for Attic Exhaust Fan Add a Thermostat FM © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2

END OF Symbols and Wiring Diagrams © 2005 Refrigeration Training Services - E1#4 Symbols and Wiring Diagrams v1.2