1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CEOP-AEGIS Coordinated Asia-European long-term Observing system of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau hydro-meteorological processes and the Asian-monsoon systEm with Ground satellite Image data and numerical Simulations Massimo Menenti Department of Earth Observation Systems, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Image, de l’Informatique et de la Télédétection - LSIIT, Universitè Louis Pasteur Illkirch, France

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CEOP-AEGIS Objectives  Construct an observing system to determine and monitor the water yield of the Plateau Incorporate existing ground measurements and current / future satellites Requires estimating snowfall, rainfall, evapotranspiration and changes in soil moisture  Monitor the evolution of surface conditions and analyze the linkage with convective activity, precipitation events and the Asian Monsoon Monitor snow, vegetation and surface fluxes as precursors of intense precipitation towards improving forecasts of (extreme) precipitations in SE Asia.

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CEOP – AEGIS Participants Participant organization nameLocal contactCountry Université Louis Pasteur LSIIT ULPMassimo MenentiFrance International Institute for Geo-information science and Earth Observation ITC Bob SuThe Netherlands ARIES SpaceGuido D’UrsoItaly University of Bayreuth UBTThomas FokenGermany Alterra - Wageningen University and Research CentreLi JiaThe Netherlands University of Valencia UVEGJosé SobrinoSpain Institute for Tibetan Plateau Research ITP – Lhasa, TibetYaoming MaChina China Meteorological Administration CMA – BeijingLiping LiuChina Beijing Normal University BNU – BeijingLi XiaowenChina National Institute of Technology NIT - RourkelaR. JhaIndia University of Tsukuba – UNITSUKKenichi UenoJapan WaterWatchWim BastiaanssenThe Netherlands Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAREERI–Lanzhou, Gansu Wang JianChina University of FerraraFederico PorcùItaly Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research IGSNRR CAS – Beijing Liu ChangmingChina Institute for Remote Sensing Applications IRSA CAS – Beijing Future Water Delft University of Technology Liu Qinhuo Walter van Immerzeel Massimo Menenti China The Netherlands

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Interrelation of project technical elements

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA1: Ground based observations of fluxes Left: Nam Co site Right: Everest site

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Monthly variation of LAS flux contribution area (8:00am -17:00pm Jan – Dec, 2007 ） Transmitter Receiver Flux tower Land use map Footprint Eddy covariance, scintillometers and footprints

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Analysis of data quality of Tibetan energy balance measurements Data quality and its dependence on land use and footprint Metzger et al., Adv. Earth Sci. 21 (2006) New Everest site Namco site

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA2: Optical observation of the land surface

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Approach

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA3: Satellite based estimates of energy and water fluxes  LE scales with T surf IF radiative and convective forcing is normalized first  Additional constraints needed to solve SEB + parameterizations  Iterative procedures lead to multiple solutions  Inversion of detailed models abandoned many years ago  new algorithms + easier access to computing power  LUT-s may be worth a second life  Additional equations by segmenting images and assuming some parameters (e.g. r a ) constant within the segment  Add experimental constraints by using limiting cases (reference system states)  Dry and wet reference states assumed to exist within image (SEBAL, S- SEBI)  Dry and wet reference states evaluated from theory (SEBI  SEBS  MSSEBS)

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Limiting cases and additional constraints on SEB Evaporation controlled vs. radiation controlled T 0 =T 0 (r 0 ) Empirical dry – wet references SEBAL, S-SEBI  T max and  T min from full combination equation SEBI, SEBS Reference T a cannot be local: applies to an area much larger than the length-scale of land heterogeneity MS-SEBS

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July MSSEBS 2 Framework Multiple SEB algorithms Core n-D NWPM fields Image files DEM GD AL Project file XM L par ser Log file Web form Job spo ole r GEOSS provider Data repository MSSEBS 2

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA4: Satellite based estimates of top soil moisture Different retrieval approaches  Empirical approaches  Semi-empirical approaches  Change detection methods  Theoretical scattering and emission models

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July sigma zero triplet mid values sigma zero triplet for values sigma zero triplet after values METOP-A ASCAT Soil moisture (m3/m3 ) Soil moisture results ASCAT data 14

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA5: Integrated ground and satellite observations of precipitations Refining data processing of ground based rain radars Improvement of interpolation method and 3D gridding Analysis of precipitation regimes over Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas Evaluation of disdrometric measurements and algorithms to retrieve precipitation with VIS-IR data Development of algorithms for TIR data

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July radar data mosaic

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA6: Estimation of glaciers and snow meltwater Prototyping new algorithm for snow cover mapping Simulation of snow water equivalent based on SEB Collection and analysis of observations of reference glaciers Evaluation of SWE algorithms and data products

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July A snow cover extent prototype algorithm Calibrated radiance NDSI>=Threshol d Snow, cloud, water Cloud, water, snow in forest Water mask Cloud products Water mask Cloud products Water Snow Cloud Snow Water Cloud Snow in forest Forest maps & NDVI Threshold DEM Snow map YES NO YES

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA7: Numerical Weather and Climate Modeling System Improving parameterization of subgrid processes Higher spatial resolution of GRAPES: 15 km Evaluation of sensitivity to soil initial conditions Case – studies on different land surface parameterizations Document relevant convective events over the Tibetan Plateau using TIR geostationary obs

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Blue: Averaged convective index, black circle: occurrence of MCS Observation of convective events

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA8: Water Balance and Water Yield of the Tibetan Plateau

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Selection of Water Balance Model

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Long-term changes of meteorological factors ( )

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA9: Satellite Drought Monitoring System Algorithms developed to improve screening of MODIS data Algorithms to monitor drought using combined LST, VI, fAPAR Review of drought monitoring systems in China and India Document major drought events in China and India Analysis of AVHRR time series of LST and NDVI Ground and high resolution data for validation of low resolution drought indicators Improved Land Cover Land Use maps of several areas

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July LST vs NDVI correlation º IHS of LST vs. NDVI correlation Colors indicate θ values; Intensity codes d values, characterizing NDVI-LST annual cycle; Saturation codes R 2 values;

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Drought monitoring and Early Warning by detecting anomalies Sichuan-Chongqing drought, 2006 Anomaly: Deviation of current state from historical average

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Drought monitoring and Early Warning by detecting anomalies 9 May 10 June 12 July 13 Aug LST anomaly EVI anomaly Tibet Plateau and Sichuan- Chongqing, 2006

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July CA10: Satellite Flood Monitoring System of Pilot Areas Document flood drought prone areas in China and India Review flood forecast in India Development of flood hazard evaluation system

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Flow Data is being collected from Government of Bihar for Bgmti river basin. Flow Data of key stations of Main Ganga river and Brahmputra river would be collected from shortly. Precipitation data is being procured from Meteorological Department on payment basis for flood and drought studies (both). All the map are being digitized in ArcGIS, which would be input to the model. IRS-LISS II and PAN data is being procured and landuse map is being prepared using ERDAS 9.3 (latest version). ANN model is being tested for some of the flood events. India

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July China Vulnerabilit y factors data Flood risk and impact maps Flood risk analysis Hydro-dynamic model (HEC-RAS) Remote Sensing image Socio-Economic data Population Hazard factors data Population density map Economic Value map Flood impact analysis Hydrologic data DEM Land use Flood area Flood depth Flood frequency Flood risk assessment and impact evaluation model Assessmen t method Remote Sensing image Partly- Finished Unfinished Finished

1st Progress Meeting - Milano June 29, July Thank you!