Forest Products Markets in Western European Urbanized Society; the Dutch experience Nico A. Leek Consultant wood market IUFRO Division 5, Taiwan 2007

Introduction Changes & developments in the roundwood supply and demand in Western Europe Illustrated by the Dutch situation The Netherlands is a consumer country: consumption14 million m3 RWE production 1 million m3 In urbanized societies Agriculture, Forestry and Nature conservation strongly influenced by “urban votes”

Introduction Wood Supply influenced by increasing demand for more natural forests International NGO’s and government have pushed the forest certification process for SFM and recently for legal origin  increased demand for Certified Wood Products (CWP)

North Western Europe Source: Nota Ruimte 2006

The Dutch Forest Source: CBS Land use in The Netherlands

The Dutch Forest Characteristics: Total area 360,000 ha Relative young Fragmented woodlots Species composition: coniferous 54% broadleaves 46% Source: SBB

The Dutch Forest, urban areas in 2040 Source: NotaRuimte2006 :

The Dutch Forest Forest area per inhabitant: NL hectare UK 0.4,, SW 3.1,,

Forest Management Changes in Forest Management since 1980: Before: wood production dominant with monocultures and clearcut management in relative young forests After: Focus on natural processes for more natural variety and improved recreational experience  Forests exclusively for Nature Development and Forests for Multiple Use

Nature Forest Management Originally started with non-intervention Later on interventions aiming at nature development: > grazing by cattle > simulating storms (& wind damage) > more dead trees > more veteran trees In principle management without commercial wood harvesting

Nature Forest Management

Nature Forest management

Nature Forest Management

Integrated Forest Management (IFM) IFM transforms the Dutch multiple use forests from even-aged single species plantations into small scale mixed, uneven-aged forests with native spp Wood production of minor importance Wood harvesting = management tool

Integrated Forest Management IFM characteristics: Selective thinnings, no clearcuts Natural regeneration Uneven-aged and mixed More native, especially deciduous spp More dead wood (standing and on the ground) Large Dimensioned Trees

Integrated Forest Management coniferous groupplanting in beech

Integrated Forest Management ‘before and after’

Integrated Forest Management dead wood

Integrated Forest Management ‘ before and after’

Dutch Forest Policy “Nature for people, people for nature” 2001, confirms the trends in Dutch forestry: Forestry embedded in the Dutch nature conservation policy The recent policy supports SFM and strives at 70% of the forest area for multiple-use, 30% for Nature conservation (without wood harvesting) Wood harvesting is relevant in relation with SFM and as a part of multiple-use forests

Wood Harvesting Results of 25 years of IFM: Improved ecology and nature values, increased variation in forest structure Improved recreational benefits, nicer forests BUT: wood production and wood harvesting in secondary position

Wood Harvesting Industrial roundwood in million m3 consumption removals 50-60% of annual increment is harvested

Wood Harvesting How to create better opportunities for timber harvesting? The Dutch Forest Based Industries sounded the alarm bell: going East or is there still a future? Together with the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality a VISION ON TIMBER HARVESTING was set up to stimulate the use of wood from Dutch woodlands (a set of actions) Similar trends in Germany: in different Bundeslander cluster studies show the importance of the Forest-Wood chain for the German economy

Forest Certification Sustainable Forest Management: Certification is an effective instrument to communicate about sound Forest Management including wood harvesting Sustainability not only implies care for social and environmental aspects but also economic profitability  timber harvesting is very crucial SFM priority on the international agenda (UNFF7) In NL hectares = 40% of the area

Certified Wood Products (CWP) Strong support for FSC by NGO’s and politicians The Netherlands: a FSC-country; FSC is known by 67% of the public! Increasing demand for Certified Wood Products stimulated by FSC and NGO’s Dutch Forest Based Industries: not only FSC but also PEFC, CSA, SFI, MTCC….

Certified Wood Products Source: Probos 2006

Certified Wood Products Dutch Timber Traders Association: In 2009 the origin of all the wood imported by their members is known In % of the wood imported by their members is from certified forests Dutch Public Procurement Policy: In 2010 public authorities will buy 100% CWP Similar developments in UK, Germany, Denmark and Belgium

How to stimulate wood harvesting? The Forest Based Industries should consolidate SFM and legal origin in the market (SFM legitimates wood harvesting) Acceptation by managers and forest owners that wood harvesting is an effective tool to enhance biodiversity values Better cooperation between forest owners; offering “full service contracts” for carrying out timber harvesting operations

Wood for Renewable Energy Immense additional demand for woody biomass in 2020: NL: 14 million m3 EU: 340 – 420 million m3 200 – 260 million m3 deficit = 25% of forecasted demand (EU study McKinsey, 2007)

Wood for Renewable Energy McKinsey study: To ensure enough supply of biomass, Europe will have to significantly stimulate biomass production and imports: Free up land for energy crop production Maximize mobilization of wood Facilitate overseas supplies Great impacts on European agriculture and environmental policies.

Conclusions I Society in Western Europe demands for more ‘Nature’ in the forest Area of forest NOT available for wood harvesting will increase Area of forest that is not producing for the market needs will increase Wood consumption will strongly increase, especially for RES  significant deficit is expected

Conclusions II The Netherlands: - is a large importer - own resource restricted and limited- BUT 2,5 million m3 increment can contribute substantial in improving self sufficiency - HOWEVER increasing wood harvesting is complex Great need to reposition the role of wood harvesting in Nature Oriented Forest Management.