Advanced Heat Pump Water Heater Research Conducted by WSU Energy Program Funded by Bonneville Power Administration BPA Technology Innovation Project #292 1

RTF Presentation October 16, 2013 Ken Eklund & Ben Larson Purpose: To inform RTF of technology making a first appearance in the region—through the work of BPA & NEEA. To obtain feedback from the RTF on the field study that is just beginning. To discuss the approach and research plan for developing a provisional UES and receive feedback on the process – Potential for provisional measure in 2015 Market-specific product, pricing, and servicing – Proven measure may take longer To orient the project toward the potential for a provisional UES when the manufacturer has a US product, pricing and service capability—planned for early

Current Status Regional CO2 HPWH Research Lab test of Sanden French manufactured unitary 40 gallon HPWH sponsored by NEEA Lab test of Sanden Australian manufactured split 84 gallon HPWH sponsored by BPA Field test of 84 gallon split begun with Tacoma Power on October 14 th sponsored by BPA Demand Response assessment of Sanden unitary and split systems currently underway 3

BPA Project Overview CO2 refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater manufactured by Sanden International Lab test to DOE and Northern Climate Specification Field test in partnership with: Avista Energy Trust of Oregon Ravalli Electric Coop Tacoma Power – One install in each territory month monitoring. NEEA is also a contributing partner 4

BPA Project Team WSU Ken Eklund, Principal Investigator David Hales, Field Monitoring Installation Lab Test Ben Larson, Ecotope, Test Manager and Analyst Kumar Banerjee, Cascade Engineering, Lab Test Director Field Installation Mark Jerome, Fluid, System Installation Coordinator BPA Kacie Bedney, Project Manager and COTR 5

Sanden Split-System CO 2 HPWH Lab Findings Lab Testing Performed at Cascade Engineering, Redmond WA. Analysis and Slides Prepared by Ben Larson, Ecotope Inc. October,

Photos Outdoor Unit in the controlled test chamber. The fluid lines connecting this to the tank are filled with potable water. Indoor tank instrumented in lab 7

Quick Specifications Equipment currently built and sold in Australia Outdoor Unit Model: GAU-A45HPA Power Input: 240V, 15 A circuit Tank Model: GAU-315EQTA Storage Capacity: 315L (83 gallons) Tank Set Point: 65°C (149°F) – not adjustable Outdoor unit has a variable frequency drive compressor and fan. Water is heated at the outdoor unit. A pump circulates water from the bottom of the tank, to the outdoor unit heat exchanger, heating the water in one pass, and reinjecting the hot water near the top of the tank. No resistance heating element 8

Custom Temperature Probe

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Performance vs. Temperature Linear fit of EF to temperature Use TMY temperature bins to calculate an annual EF: 12 ClimateAnnual EF Boise2.9 Kalispell2.6 Portland3.0 Seattle2.9 Spokane2.8 Outside Air Temperature (F) Energy Factor (EF) COP Output Capacity (kW) Input Power (kW)

Provides 7.5 showers of 8 mins at 120°F before outlet temperature drops. In this test, we reduce hot water flow to compensate for higher stored temperature. This assumes a tempering valve will be used. Has the effect of increasing storage capacity and # showers delivered. – Tank setpoint of 120°F likely to deliver showers Outlet drops below useful temperature

Lab Test Outputs & Summary Data Tank UA: 4 Btu/hr-F – Comparable to other 80 gallon HPWH tanks Compressor Cutoff: Sanden reports operation at -4°F Calculated Northern Climate Specification EF: 3.2 – NC Spec requires EF>2.4 for Tier 3 First Hr Rating Test: 97.8 gallons # Efficient Showers: 7.5 Tank storage volume: 84.7 gallons Sound level: 48 dBA at 3ft away, 2ft high – Current integrated HPWHs typically range 55-65dBA – NC Spec requires dBA<55 14

Installation-Tacoma

Field Test Plan Research Questions – How do these systems perform through the range of temperature and humidity conditions at the test site locations? – What are the energy savings compared to electric resistance water heaters used at the test sites during the previous two or more years? – What are the operational profiles of these systems? How are these profiles impacted by site and use specifics? – How do the home occupants respond to these systems? 16

Project Timeline and Stage Gates Stage Gate 2: Review lab test results. Complete. September 30, Draft midterm report April 30, 2014—for data collected from installation through March Stage Gate 3: Evaluation of field research at first midterm by May 31, Draft interim report August 31, for data collected from April 1, 2014 through July Stage Gate 4: Evaluation of field research at second midterm by September 30, Final field study report May 31, 2015 Provisional UES measure to RTF late 2014 or early

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Current BPA HPWH Research 18 TIP 262 PNNL: Demonstration of 2 nd generation prototype ducted GE “Brillion” hybrid in the Lab Homes  Performance with ducted exhaust  Performance with ducted supply & exhaust  Demand response characteristics TIP 263 EPRI: Development of next-generation HPWH:  Modeling  Prototyping  Laboratory testing

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Current BPA HPWH Research TIP 302 WSUEP: Assessment of Demand Response Potential of HPWH – Sanden CO2 split system Lab and field testing Website for more information on TI projects: gy-Innovation-Projects.aspx Kacie Bedney, BPA Project Manager

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