Elder L. Lionel Kendrick Of the First Quorum of the Seventy It has been from the beginning and it will be till the end that the natural man will have a tendency to rationalize and to blame his behaviors on others or on certain circumstances. When we attempt to place responsibility for our choices on others, we are responding in a less than Christlike manner. Blaming is an unrighteous form of communication. It has been from the beginning and it will be till the end that the natural man will have a tendency to rationalize and to blame his behaviors on others or on certain circumstances. When we attempt to place responsibility for our choices on others, we are responding in a less than Christlike manner. Blaming is an unrighteous form of communication.
Objectives In this chapter, you will: Learn about HTML and XHTML Learn about HTML and XHTML Work with XHTML DTDs Work with XHTML DTDs Study elements and attributes Study elements and attributes Work with basic body elements Work with basic body elements Link your Web pages Link your Web pages Validate your Web pages Validate your Web pages
6 XHTML Document Type Definition (DTDs) A well formed document is a document that conforms to the rules and requirements of XHTML. A well formed document is a document that conforms to the rules and requirements of XHTML. determines the XHTML DTD with which the document complies. determines the XHTML DTD with which the document complies. DTD (Document Type Definition) defines the tags and attributes that can be used in a document. DTD (Document Type Definition) defines the tags and attributes that can be used in a document.
XHTML Document Type Definition (DTDs) Three types of DTDs can be used with XHTML documents: Transitional, Strict, and Frameset. Three types of DTDs can be used with XHTML documents: Transitional, Strict, and Frameset. Deprecated elements are elements that are considered obsolete and they will be eventually removed from a language. Deprecated elements are elements that are considered obsolete and they will be eventually removed from a language. – Examples of deprecated HTML elements:,,,, … –
XHTML Document Type Definition (DTDs) A Transitional DTD allows the use of deprecated style tags in HTML documents: A Transitional DTD allows the use of deprecated style tags in HTML documents: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “
XHTML Document Type Definition (DTDs) The Frameset DTD is identical to the Transitional DTD, except that it includes the and elements: The Frameset DTD is identical to the Transitional DTD, except that it includes the and elements: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC“-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN” “
XHTML Document Type Definition (DTDs) The Strict DTD eliminates deprecated elements in the Transitional DTD and Frameset DTD: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN” “
Introduction to HTML The general form of an HTML document is as follows: <html><head> title goes here title goes here </head><body> The body of the document goes here </body></html>
9 XHTML Elements and Attributes An element is the tag pair and the information it contains. An element is the tag pair and the information it contains. Elements that do not include a closing tag are called empty elements. Elements that do not include a closing tag are called empty elements. Content is the information contained within an element’s opening and closing tags. Content is the information contained within an element’s opening and closing tags.
XHTML Elements and Attributes There are two basic types of elements: block- level and inline. There are two basic types of elements: block- level and inline. Block-level elements: give the Web page its structure. Block-level elements: give the Web page its structure. – Examples of block-level elements:,,, and – Examples of block-level elements:,,, and Inline elements: used to describe the text that appears on a Web page. Inline elements: used to describe the text that appears on a Web page. – Example of inline elements: and.
Introduction to HTML Attributes are used to configure HTML tags. Attributes are used to configure HTML tags. The src in the following image tag is an example of an attribute: The src in the following image tag is an example of an attribute: To insert spaces in an HTML document, use the and tags. To insert spaces in an HTML document, use the and tags.
11 XHTML Elements and Attributes Standard attributes are attributes that are available to almost every element. Standard attributes are attributes that are available to almost every element. – Examples of standard attributes: class, dir, xml:lang, and style. lang and xml:lang designate the language of the elements. lang and xml:lang designate the language of the elements. dir is used with lang. Its values are “ltr” (left to right) and “rtl” (right to left). dir is used with lang. Its values are “ltr” (left to right) and “rtl” (right to left). title provides descriptive text for an element. title provides descriptive text for an element.
13 Basic Body Elements – Headings through – Headings through – Paragraphs and line breaks – Paragraphs and line breaks – Horizontal rule – Horizontal rule Headings: They are block-level elements that are used for emphasizing a document’s headings and subheadings. They are block-level elements that are used for emphasizing a document’s headings and subheadings.
20 Linking Web Pages Hypertext links are text or graphics that the user can click to open files or to navigate to other documents on the Web. Hypertext links are text or graphics that the user can click to open files or to navigate to other documents on the Web. Anchor is a text or image used to represent a link on a Web page. Anchor is a text or image used to represent a link on a Web page. The element is used to create basic hypertext links: The element is used to create basic hypertext links: A Web Page A Web Page
24 Linking Web Pages The element can be used to create a link to an external document or to a bookmark inside the current document. The element can be used to create a link to an external document or to a bookmark inside the current document. Any element that includes an id attribute can be the target of a link. Any element that includes an id attribute can be the target of a link. C++, the language C++, the language
27 Linking Web Pages To create a link to a bookmark, an id value should be assigned to an href attribute. To create a link to a bookmark, an id value should be assigned to an href attribute. Read about C++ Read about C++
Next Day Next Day
Linking Web Pages href is the hypertext reference. href is the hypertext reference. Relative URL specifies the location of a file according to the location of the currently loaded Web page. Relative URL specifies the location of a file according to the location of the currently loaded Web page. Absolute URL refers to a specific drive and directory or to the full Web address of a Web page. Absolute URL refers to a specific drive and directory or to the full Web address of a Web page.
Creating Lists Three types of lists can be added to a Web page: Three types of lists can be added to a Web page: – Unordered lists – Ordered lists – Definition lists
Creating Lists List elements and their description: <ul> Block-level element that creates an unordered list <ol> Block-level element that creates an ordered list <li> Inline element that defines a list item <dl> Block-level element that creates a definition list <dt> Inline element that defines a definition list term <dd> Inline element that defines a definition list item
Creating Lists An unordered list is a list of bulleted items. An unordered list is a list of bulleted items. The elements are nested within the elements as follows: The elements are nested within the elements as follows:<ul> list item 1 list item 1 list item 2 list item 2 </ul>
Creating Lists An ordered list is a list of numbered items. An ordered list is a list of numbered items. elements are nested within the elements: elements are nested within the elements:<ol> Bill Clinton Bill Clinton George Bush George Bush </ol>
Creating Lists A definition list is a list of terms and their definitions. A definition list is a list of terms and their definitions. Definition lists are created using the element. Within the element, elements are nested for term names and elements for term definitions. Definition lists are created using the element. Within the element, elements are nested for term names and elements for term definitions.
Creating Lists <dl><dt><b>Ohm</b></dt> Measurement unit for electrical resistance or impedance. Measurement unit for electrical resistance or impedance. </dl>
30 Validating Web Pages A validating parser is a program that checks whether an XHTML document is well formed and whether the document conforms to a specific DTD. A validating parser is a program that checks whether an XHTML document is well formed and whether the document conforms to a specific DTD. A validator is available on: A validator is available on: English and many Western languages use the ISO character set. English and many Western languages use the ISO character set.