A Digital Circuit Toolbox

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Presentation transcript:

A Digital Circuit Toolbox

Verilog Hierarchy Each design identifier creates a new branch of the hierarchy tree

Tristate Signals and Busses Tristate busses are allowed by most FPGA architectures on devices output pins If tristate are not allowed, the synthesis may have control to automatically substitutes with MUXes

Schematics for Internal Tristate Buffer Design

MUX version of Tristate Buffer Design

Bidirectional Busses The signals is divided into two parts: the driver part input part The two parts are then wired together

Bidirectional Busses

If/else Priority Encoder Implied priority with precedence assigned to the first instruction encountered in a begin/end block

If/else Priority Encoder

Case Priority Encoder The cases are mutually exclusive and do not overlap

State Machines Use a set of registers, to determine current machine state Moore style : the output depends only on the state Mealy style: the output depends on the state and some input signals

State Machines

State Machines

Converting Binary to Gray Code

Converting Gray Code to Binary

State Assignment Make a big difference in how efficiently your logic will be synthesize use parameters, ‘define and ‘ifdef to select between encoding assignments

State Assignment One-hot state assignment means that each state is assigned a single state flip-flop which is active only in the assigned state One-could state assignment means that a flip-flop is inactive only in the assigned state

Adders Half-Adder The synthesis tool will examine each instance of the + operator and will try to implement the logic with a preoptimized module

Half-Adder

Full Adder To turn the half adder into a full adder, we take the output of a half adder and connect it into another half adder

Full Adder

Full Adder

Full Adder

Subtractor Similar to the adder

Full-Subtractor

Hard-Wired Multipliers Multiply value by a constant The multiplication process shifts and adds

Generic Multipliers We must create logic which allows all the shift and adds to be used