Agenda Company profile Global Glass Manufacturer Float Glass Manufacturing Process Locally Produced Products How to Choose Glass Heat Flows in Malaysia Why Low E? Technical Information Product Range - Pilkington Optifloat™ - Pilkington Specialty Glass - Pilkington Coated Glass Performance Data

Company Profile 1971 – MSG Established 2004 – Wholly owned by Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) June 2006 – Acquisition of Pilkington by NSG

Global Glass Manufacturer

FLOAT GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Glass Manufacturing: Raw Materials Silica Sand, Soda Ash, Felspar, Dolomite, Cullet

Raw Material Source DOLOMITE SODA ASH CHINA CARBON SALT CAKE SILICA SAND FELSPAR DOLOMITE SODA ASH CHINA AND USA CARBON JAPAN SALT CAKE CHINA

Float Glass Manufacturing Process ROYAL CUSTOM TRAINING MODULE Float Glass Manufacturing Process Mixing at Batch Plant Delivery Melting at Furnace Forming at Bath Refining at Furnace Annealing at Lehr Washing, drying and defects analysis Cutting and inspection Production and packing 8 17 8

Glass Manufacturing: Furnace Interior

Glass Manufacturing: Tin Bath (Float)

Glass Manufacturing: Finished Ribbon Washing, Cutting, Checking, Stacking

Pilkington Optifloat™ Clear Glass Available from 4mm ~ 19mm thick 12

Pilkington Optifloat™ Clear Glass Features & Benefits Maximizes daylight transmittance Wide range of thicknesses High clarity Flat surface

Pilkington Optifloat™ Tinted Green Emerald Green Blue Bronze Dark Grey Arctic Blue 14

Pilkington Arctic Blue™ & Emerald Green™ High Performance Tint Provides both lower shading coefficient and good daylight transmittance compared to regular tints Low exterior reflectance Low UV transmittance Excellent performance when combined with Low-E for reduced heat gain All these are produced & available in Malaysia 15

Pilkington Optifloat™ Tinted Features & Benefits Good solar control Reduces cooling loads Low external & internal reflectance

Reflite™ Reflective Glass New coating facility in Malaysia Features & Benefits Medium solar control (low SHGC) Low Shading coefficient (SC) Subtle Reflectivity - privacy Pyrolytic coating (hard coat) Easy to handle Good glare control Air conditioning costs reduced 17

Pilkington Texture™ Pilkington Nashiji™ Clear Pilkington Mistlite™ Clear Pilkington Karatachi™ Dark Grey

Pilkington Texture™ Features & Benefits Decorative Privacy Diffused daylight High light transmittance

Benefits of Using Local Glass Complies with local & International Standards Stock availability Quick replacements Prompt technical support Survival of local industries Reduced carbon footprints

VARIABLES The many window innovations available today require a designer to make selections in at least 16 different variables

1. GLASS THICKNESS 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19 mm 10

2. TINTS: Low-Iron Clear, Clear, Green, Blue-Green, Blue, Bronze, Light Grey, Grey, Dark Grey 9 90

900 3. COATINGS: Visible Absorbing Visible Reflective Visible Color (Gold) Low Emittance Solar Absorbing Solar Reflective Solar Transmitting Self-Cleaning Anti-Reflective Other (UV Block, Anti-Graffiti) 10 900

4. HOW MANY LIGHTS? Single Glazing Double Glazing Triple Glazing Add-On Panels 4 3,600

5. IG SPACER Aluminum, Partly Insulating, ‘Warm Edge’ 3 10,800

6. Gas Fill Air, Argon, Krypton 3 32,400

7. GLASS STRENGTH Annealed, Heat Strengthened, Tempered 97,200

777,600 8. IMPACT RESISTANCE Laminated 0.015” pvb Laminated 0.030” pvb Colour interlayer Impact Resistant Interlayer Acoustic Insulating Interlayer CIP (Cast in Place Epoxy Laminate) 8 777,600

1,555,200 9. LAMINATION ORIENTATION Coated plies: Coating to air side OR Coating against interlayer (pvb etc.) n.b. Low-E coatings touching the interlayer lose their low-e property because glass is opaque to Far IR! 2 1,555,200

7,776,000 10. FIRE RESISTANCE: Wired Glass, Intumescent Laminates - 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes Fire Rating 5 7,776,000

11. ELECTROCHROMIC: Switch between High & Low SHGC. Switch between Transparent & Translucent. 2 15,552,000

46,656,000 12. ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING: Prevent electronic data escaping. Prevent interference entering. Different db shielding levels 3 46,656,000

13. ORIENTATION OF OUTER LIGHT 2 93,312,000

ORIENTATION OF INNER LIGHT 2 186,624,000

373,248,000 2 ORIENTATION OF IGU Everyone should use hand-held coating detector meters 2 373,248,000

That makes about millions different combinations. ONE is the best That makes about millions different combinations! ONE is the best. All others are likely less than best. HOW DO YOU CHOOSE?

CONCLUSIONS Glazing choices are many and varied IG gas fills and some coatings (4 at least) are invisible You cannot see by eye: U-Factor or SHGC There are tools, codes, standards and certification programs available Which bring us to low e, energy savings, and green issues….

Glass for Malaysia How do you choose? Performance issues Look of the building Energy Savings Green initiatives Many, many factors

TECHNICAL INFORMATION 40

The 4 Energy/Heat Flows Remember: Heat Flows from Hot to Cold 3% 47% UV Visible Solar IR Far IR There are 4 distinct and separate heat flow elements. Note that 3 of them are generated by the sun, and only one of them is visible. Invisible Far Infra Red (IR) energy is generated by any warm (room temperature) body, even the moon! Tinted glass which has absorbed visible sunlight plus short wave Solar IR, then tries to lose its heat by radiating far IR. 50%

Heat Flows from HOT to COLD Conduction Convection Radiation Typical Transmission and Reflection chart showing what happens to each of the 4 energy groups when they shine on a light of Energy Advantage Low-E glass. Note: the addition of the energy Transmitted plus Reflected plus Absorbed must always add up to 100% at every wavelength.

U-Factor measures the rate of heat transfer from warm air side to cool air side. Watts/sq.m.degC Far IR Radiation Conduction Convection Typical Transmission and Reflection chart showing what happens to each of the 4 energy groups when they shine on a light of Solar E glass. Note: the addition of the energy Transmitted plus Reflected plus Absorbed must always add up to 100% at every wavelength.

SHGC Solar Heat Gain Coefficient % of Sun’s heat striking a window that enters a room (by conduction + convection + radiation) Far IR Radiation Solar IR Radiation UV energy is seldom wanted. The amount transmitted can be reduced by an appropriate glass choice. Visible energy turns into heat when it is absorbed in a room. It represents almost half the sun’s heat. Note: large dark glass windows will still transmit enough light for good vision. Solar IR heat energy is valuable in a cold climate e.g. Canada, and Northern China. Solar IR can be blocked by Reflection (soft, sputter coat Low-E), or by Absorption (hard coat pyrolytic Solar E, or tinted glass with Low-E). Far IR energy comes from warm objects. It can be controlled by using Low-E to either Reflect it, or not emit it. Convection

Shading Coefficient % of Sun’s heat striking a window that enters a room (by conduction + convection + radiation) Compared to % of Sun’s heat striking a 3 mm Clear Glass window that enters a room (by conduction + convection + radiation) SHGC ~ 0.87 x Shading Coefficient Shading Coefficient is a Poor # to use…Why? Whose 3mm glass? Why not 6mm? SHGC is a pure formula and preferred. Very roughly, during a hot South China 24 hour day, a square building with glass on all 4 sides, will admit about twice as much heat through the glass by Solar Radiation (SHGC) as by Conduction (U-Factor) from the hot air and ground outside. Therefore low SHGC and low U-Factors are both needed. Single Glazed Clear Glass, with a SHGC of 0.87 can be reduced by a factor of 6 using SuperGrey with Energy Advantage Low-E to SHGC = 0.15. Similarly the U-Factor of 5.7 for Single Glazed can be reduced by a factor of 4 to 1.5 using Double Glazed with Energy Advantage Low-E and Argon. The glass, and coatings, exist to offer major controls of unwanted heat gains in China. Low emissivity coatings lower both SHGC and U-Factor.

About half as much enters over a 24 hour Heat enters when the sun shines through the glass: SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) or SF or S/C About half as much enters over a 24 hour day by conduction (U-Factor, or K factor) for 15 °C difference (40 °C outside, 25 °C inside) Adding Low Emissivity always helps because it lowers SHGC and it lowers U-Factor Very roughly, during a hot South China 24 hour day, a square building with glass on all 4 sides, will admit about twice as much heat through the glass by Solar Radiation (SHGC) as by Conduction (U-Factor) from the hot air and ground outside. Therefore low SHGC and low U-Factors are both needed. Single Glazed Clear Glass, with a SHGC of 0.87 can be reduced by a factor of 6 using SuperGrey with Energy Advantage Low-E to SHGC = 0.15. Similarly the U-Factor of 5.7 for Single Glazed can be reduced by a factor of 4 to 1.5 using Double Glazed with Energy Advantage Low-E and Argon. The glass, and coatings, exist to offer major controls of unwanted heat gains in China. Low emissivity coatings lower both SHGC and U-Factor.

Three Numbers are needed: Tdw for fading control. (Free from LBNL Windows 5 http://windows.lbl.gov/software 1 to 0. Lower means less fading. ) SHGC for Solar Control (or SF or Shading Coefficient x 0.87 Lower value means less solar heat gained inside the building from sun shining on the window) U-Factor for thermal control (or U-Value, K Factor. Conversion: 1Btu/hr.sq.ft.°F = 5.68 Watt/sq.m.°K Lower value means less heat flow by conduction from warm to cold) If fading control is important find out the Tdw value. See also ATS Bulletin # 141 on Fading. SHGC is the number that needs to be low, only if the sun can shine directly on the glass. U-Factor needs to be low always.

WHAT TO DO: Select Glass for appearance, daylight transmission, color, reflectivity, etc. Add a Low Emissivity property, and add a light of glass, for better Solar control if a solar absorbing layer is present. For better Thermal control add Low-E, and add a light of glass (double glazing) Select the glass tint and reflectivity by eye, for appearance. Refer to the SHGC and U-Factor values to determine the effectiveness of controlling unwanted heat gains. Remember, adding Low-E will always help lower SHGC and U-Factor.

Glass, Light, & Heat Glass Energy is Either: The Flow of Visible and Invisible (Infrared) Energy from the Sun. Energy is Either: Transmitted Glass Absorbed Reflected

Typical Glass Energy Characteristics 3mm monolithic CLEAR 8% 100% 6% Reflected Out 7% Absorbed (Emitted Out) Total Rejected 13% 86% Transmitted In 1% Absorbed (Emitted In ) 87% Total Admitted OUTDOOR INDOOR

Solar Spectrum Terms Visible Light Transmittance Infrared (IR) Percent of light in the visible spectrum transmitted through the glass Wavelength range of ~380 - 780 nanometers Infrared (IR) Has a penetrating heat effect when radiated onto a transparent material. Short-wave IR converts to heat when absorbed by an object Wavelength of ~790 - 3000 nm Ultraviolet (UV) Invisible to the human eye. Partially responsible for fading fabric materials over time, etc.Wavelength of ~300 - 380 nm

Architectural Glass Selection Appearance vs. Performance Clear Tinted Reflective Match Materials Complement Site Comfort Level Glare Fading Self-Cleaning

Outboard Inboard (1” I.G.) Fabrication Products Heat Treated - Heat Strengthened - Tempered Laminated Insulated Spandrel 1 2 3 4 ¼” Eclipse Advantage EverGreen, coating on #2 surface ¼” Energy Advantage Low-E, coating on #3 surface Outboard Inboard (1” I.G.)

High Performance Tints Dark Grey™ Arctic Blue™ Emerald Green™ 54

“Hard Coat” “Soft Coat” Coating Processes Pyrolitic Coating Sputter Coating VS.

Chemical Vapor Deposition Pyrolytic Process Chemical Vapor Deposition Durable Temperable Bendable Fabrication friendly

Batch Sputtering Process Soft Coat Process Batch Sputtering Process

Coating Processes Sputtered (“Soft Coat”) Pyrolytic (“Hard Coat”) Produced off-line Enhanced performance Limited shelf life Wide range of products Project driven Pyrolytic (“Hard Coat”) Produced on-line Enhanced performance Post-temperable Unlimited shelf life Select product range Inventoried

PILKINGTON COATED GLASS (Energy Efficient ) 59

Pilkington Energy Advantage™, Solar-E™ & Eclipse Advantage™ Low-E Glass Pilkington Energy Advantage™, Solar-E™ & Eclipse Advantage™ 60

How Low-E Coating Works Low-E coating redirect radiant heat (long wave radiation) back toward the source Heat moves from HOT COLD In the Winter heat from the inside flows OUT In the Summer heat from the outside flows IN 61

Low Emissivity = Low U-Value In Winter, inside heat flows Out In Summer, heat from the outside flows In 62

Energy Advantage™ Low E High Solar Heat Gain Low Thermal Loss 63

Solar and Thermal control in a single pyrolytic surface Solar-E™ Low-E Solar and Thermal control in a single pyrolytic surface 64

Solar-E™ Low-E Low Solar Heat Gain Low Thermal Gain 65

Eclipse Advantage™ Architectural Community asked for: Color options Higher Visible Light Transmittance (more natural light) Color options Excellent Solar and Thermal control characteristics Reduced Glare Providing an element of privacy for occupants Readily available (inventoried locally, short lead times)

Eclipse Advantage™ Next generation coating technology by Pilkington: Combines multiple attributes into single coating: High visible light transmittance Excellent solar control (low SHGC) Good thermal control (low U-value) Subtle Reflectivity Pyrolytic coating (hard coat)

Eclipse Advantage™ Reflective Low-E Solar Control (vs. Tinted IGU) COLOR SHGC SHGC – with Ecl.Adv Clear .70 .54 Grey .45 .33 Bronze .50 .38 Blue-Green .50 .38 Arctic Blue .40 .30 Evergreen .39 .29 * 1” insulated unit, coating surface #2 Lower SHGC is better---reduced cooling costs

Eclipse Advantage™ Low-E Thermal Control COLOR U-Value U-Value (Eclipse Advantage) Clear .58 .35 Grey .58 .35 Bronze .58 .35 Blue-Green .58 .35 Arctic Blue .58 .35 Evergreen .58 .35 * 1” insulated unit, coating surface #2, winter u-value Lower U-value is better---less heating/cooling costs, (comparison to tint or reflective with no low-E) U-value = 1/R-value

Reflite™ Reflective Glass New coating facility in Malaysia Features & Benefits Medium solar control (low SHGC) Low Shading coefficient (SC) Subtle Reflectivity - privacy Pyrolytic coating (hard coat) Easy to handle Good glare control Air conditioning costs reduced 70

Project Photos

Pilkington Solar-E™ Low-E Central World Plaza – Bangkok, Thailand Mulieris Tower, USA 72

Pilkington Arctic Blue™ Call Centre, Poland

Pilkington Emerald Green™ 1 First Avenue, Petaling Jaya

Pilkington Eclipse Advantage™ Evergreen Davenport Skybridge, Iowa Bahrain Financial Harbour Sand, Dalamite, Soda Ash, Lime, Cullet & heated to 2500 degrees Pilkington invented the float glass process in 1952 and has licensed this technology to other glass manufacturers including PPG, Guardian, AFG and Cardinal Replaced the sheet process which required each sheet to be polished, which was extremely expensive. Cullet is recycled glass that has be cut later in the process; broken and “sent back” to the batch to aid in melting the batch. Can be ~20-25% of the batch.

Pilkington Reflite™ Emerald Green & Arctic Blue Kota Sentosa Commercial Centre, Kuching – Reflite™ Emerald Green Management & Science University, Shah Alam – Reflite™ Arctic Blue

Pilkington Activ™ Self-Cleaning Glass 77

“What makes a glass self-cleaning?” Pilkington Activ™ Self-Cleaning Glass “What makes a glass self-cleaning?” Pyrolytic Coating – Hard Coat Photocatalytic Properties – Dirt Destroying Hydrophyllic Properties – Water Sheeting 78

Pilkington Activ™ Self-Cleaning Glass Stephen May Hall, UK Lacks Cancer Center Grand Rapids, USA KLCC Canopy, Malaysia 79