COGNITION AND PERCEPTION. THE CONCEPTS 1 Johannes Parlindungan Siregar

2 COGNI TION PERCEP TION BEHAVIOR ENVIRONMENT

3 COGNITION Process of gathering, organizing and utilizing the knowledge. The mental activity in relation to the matters of comprehension, attention, determination, information processing, problem solving, imagination, predicting,thinking and believing. SPATIO COGNITIVE ABILITY (McAndrew, 1993: 28) : the spatial memory allows us to live in a world …… we are aware of places and things beyond the immediategrasp of our sense. The complex activity that involves planning, decision making, information processing to understand space and to manipulate it mentally

4 URBAN ENVIRONMENT SPATIO COGNITIVE ACTIVITY WAYFINDING COGNITIVE MAP NODEsPATHsLANDMARKsDISTRICTsEDGEs LEGIBILITY McAndrew (1993: 35 – 41)

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6 PERCEPTION PERCEPTION (Boothe, 2002,p.2-3) : the act of using only one’s own sense organs to gain knowledge about, interact with, and experience the environment. Provide knowledge about what is present in the immediately surrounding environment MC.Andrew (1993 : 28) : Perception is the result of a filtering process performed by the individual. HUMAN SENSORY TOOLS

7 SENSORY INTERACTION ENVIRONMENT (Natural, Build, Social) INDIVI DUAL PROCESS OUTPUT : PERCEPTION “WHAT” “HOW” “WHAT” “HOW” SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE Boothe (2002 : 2)

8 Stimulate all senses SENSATION INFORMATION PROCESS PERCEPTION ENVIRONMENT HUMAN SENSORY TOOLS

9 ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION MC.Andrew (1993 : 28) : Perception is the result of a filtering process performed by the individual. It is difficult to separate a person from the environment in the perceptual process. TOP - DOWN PROCESS (Conceptually – driven processing) BOTTOM – UP PROCESS (Data – driven processing)

10 COGNITIVE and PERCEPTION “COGNITIVE” “PERCEPTION” SENSORY ACTIVITY NON-SENSORY ACTIVITY Mathematic Norm Phylosophy Religion Others SpaceForm Color Temperature Noise Others

11 BRUNSWIK’s Lens Model (McAndrew : 1999,p.29-30) ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTION Stimulus Array (stimuli vary in ecological validity) Perceptual process (recombines, orders, and focuses sensory inputs) AREA of COGNITIVE

12 Ilustration 1: Biased Informations A A B B C C

13 Ilustration 2 : Biased Informations Symbol of a Product or a Nation ? Symbol of a Religion or a Nation ?

14 Ilustration 3 VISUAL TEMPERATURE ODOR NOISE TIDY - UNTIDY HOT – WARM - COLD PLEASANT - UNPLEASANT QUIET - LOUD Distance Duration Level of concentration LEGIBILITY SPACE EXPRESSION CALMNESS LIKE / DISLIKE TOURIST BEHAVIOR COGNITIVE PROCESS Past Experience Education Psychological Background Past Experience Education Psychological Background ENVIRONMENT Of TOURISM AREA PERCEPTION Distance Sensory Condition Sensory Condition

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16 REFERENCES Boothe Perception of the visual environment. Springer McAndre Environmental psychology. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Sagung, et al Pengaruh kualitas ruang publik terhadap fungsi restoratif alun-alun Batu. Skripsi S1 Jurusan PWK, Universitas Brawijaya. Stedman on Goetz, et al Land use problems and conflicts. Taylor and Francis Group