Breaking the Lifecycle of the Modern Threat Santiago Polo Sr. Systems Engineer Palo Alto Networks, Inc.

About Palo Alto Networks Palo Alto Networks is the Network Security Company World-class team with strong security and networking experience - Founded in 2005, first customer July Top-tier investors Builds next-generation firewalls that identify / control applications - Restores the firewall as the core of the enterprise network security infrastructure - Innovations: App-ID™, User-ID™, Content-ID™ Global footprint: 6,000+ customers in 70+ countries, 24/7 support

What Has Changed / What is the Same The attacker changed - Nation-states - Criminal organizations - Political groups Attack strategy evolved - Patient, multi-step process - Compromise user, then expand Attack techniques evolved - New ways of delivering malware - Hiding malware communications - Signature avoidance The Sky is Not Falling - Not new, just more common - Solutions exist - Don’t fall into “the APT ate my homework” trap

Strategy: Patient Multi-Step Intrusions The Enterprise Infection Command and Control Escalation Exfiltration Organized Attackers

Challenges to Traditional Security Threats coordinate multiple techniques, while security is segmented into silos - Exploits, malware, spyware, obfuscation all part of a patient, multi-step intrusion Threats take advantage of security blind spots to keep from being seen - Patient attacks must repeatedly cross the perimeter without being detected Targeted and custom malware can bypass traditional signatures - The leading edge of an attack is increasingly malware that has never been seen before.

Regaining Control Over Modern Threats © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.Page 6 | New Requirements for Threat Prevention 1. Full Visibility - all traffic regardless of port, protocol, evasive tactic or SSL 2. Stop all known network threats - (IPS, Anti-malware, URL, etc.) while maintaining multi-gigabit performance 3. Find and stop new and unknown threats - even without a pre-existing signature Vulnerabilities Malware Dangerous URLs Malware Sites SQL Injection Cross-Site Scripting Denial of Service Botnets Key Loggers Fast Flux

Visibility Visibility is Fundamental - You can’t stop what you can’t see - Virtually all threats other than DoS depend on avoiding security Full Stack Inspection of All Traffic - All traffic, on all ports, all the time - Progressive decoding of traffic to find hidden, tunneled streams - Contextual decryption of SSL Control the Applications That Hide Traffic - Limit traffic to approved proxies, remote desktop applications - Block bad applications like encrypted tunnels, circumventors

Control the Methods Threats Use to Hide © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential. Encrypted Traffic SSL is the new standard Proxies Reverse proxies are hacker favorites Remote Desktop Increasingly standard Compressed Content ZIP files, compressed HTTP Encrypted Tunnels Hamachi, Ultrasurf, Tor Purpose-built to avoid security Encryption (e.g. SSL) Compression (e.g. GZIP) Proxies (e.g CGIProxy) Circumventors and Tunnels  Outbound C&C Traffic If you can’t see it, you can’t stop it Page 8 |

Block the Applications That Hide Traffic Block Unneeded and High- Risk Applications - Block (or limit) peer-to-peer applications - Block unneeded applications that can tunnel other applications - Review the need for applications known to be used by malware - Block anonymizers such as Tor - Block encrypted tunnel applications such as UltraSurf - Limit use to approved proxies - Limit use of remote desktop

Control Known Threats Modern attacks are patient and use multiple techniques - Threats are more than exploits - Malware - Dangerous URLs - Spyware - Command and Control Traffic - Circumvention Techniques Context is Key - Clear visibility into all URLs, users, applications and files connected to a particular threat

© 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.Page 11 | “Okay, but what about unknown and targeted malware?”

The Malware Window of Opportunity Time required to capture 1 st sample of malware in the wild Time required to create and verify malware signature Time before antivirus definitions are updated Total Time Exposed Days and weeks until users are protected by traditional signatures

Attackers Target the Window of Opportunity © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.Page 13 | Refreshed Malware Malware Construction Kits Targeted Attacks

Controlling Unknown Malware Using the Next-Generation Firewall Introducing WildFire - New feature of the Palo Alto Networks NGFW - Captures unknown inbound files and analyzes them for 70+ malicious behaviors - Analysis performed in a cloud-based, virtual sandbox Automatically generates signatures for identified malware - Infecting files and command-and-control - Distributes signatures to all firewalls via regular threat updates Provides forensics and insight into malware behavior - Actions on the target machine - Applications, users and URLs involved with the malware © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.Page 14 |

Daily Coverage of Top AV Vendors Based on data collected in January 2012

Case Study - Password Stealing Botnets © 2010 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.

Malware Analysis

Case Study - Enterprise Phishing Shipping and Security are common topics for enterprise phishing - Fake DHL, USPS, UPS and FedEx delivery messages - Fake CERT notifications Ongoing Phishing Operations - Large volumes of malware – commonly in the top 3 of daily unknown malware seen in enterprises - Correlate new malware talking back to the same malware servers - Refreshed daily to avoid traditional AV signatures USPS Report DHL-international-shipping-ID DHL-international-shipping- notification DHL-Express-Notification-JAN United-Parcel-Service-Invoice US-CERT Operations Center Report USPS-Failed-Delivery_Notification

Trusted Sources CNET/Download.com Strong reputation for providing safe downloads of shareware and freeware that are verified to be malware free. In early December 2011 WildFire began identifying files from Download.com as containing spyware. CNET had begun providing software downloads in a wrapper that installed subtle spyware designed to track shopping habits Changed a variety of client and browser security settings

An Integrated Approach to Threat Prevention © 2011 Palo Alto Networks. Proprietary and Confidential.Page 22 | Applications All traffic, all ports, all the time Application signatures Heuristics Decryption Reduce the attack surface Remove the ability to hide Prevents known threats Exploits, malware, C&C traffic Exploits & Malware Block threats on all ports NSS Labs Recommended IPS Millions of malware samples Dangerous URLs Malware hosting URLs Newly registered domains SSL decryption of high-risk sites Unknown & Targeted Threats WildFire control of unknown and targeted malware Unknown traffic analysis Anomalous network behaviors Block known sources of threats Be wary of unclassified and new domains Pinpoints live infections and targeted attacks Decreasing Risk

Roundtable Discussion