Richard Nixon: 1968-1974 1968-1974

Vietnam Vietnamization-slowly pull out troops but escalate the attack Secretary of State-Henry Kissinger (chief negotiator in Vietnam) President when war ended

Domestic plan New Federalism Revenue Sharing-state and local governments may spend their federal money any way they saw fit. (As opposed to government telling them how to spend it)

Family Assistance Plan Unemployment compensation Job training Accept jobs if they are offered

Government programs Increased Social Security Medicare Medicaid Subsidized housing for low income families (Section 8)

Watergate Scandal centered on the Nixon administration’s attempt to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate apartment complex in Washington D.C. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aZ8vNagvks

Impeach or Resign (In Congress or a state legislature) the presentation of formal charges against a public official by the lower house, trial to be before the upper house.

Gerald Ford signs in Grants Nixon a full pardon in an attempt to move past Watergate Troubled economy High oil prices, inflation and unemployment Loses election in 1976 to Jimmy Carter

Jimmy Carter Democratic peanut farmer from Ga. Energy crisis, gas prices soared commotion everywhere Foreign Policy- promotes human rights so that everyone can have freedom and liberty around the world

Camp David Accords Carter helped forged peace between long time enemies, Anwar el Sadat, and Israeli prime minister, Menachem Begin. Five year transition period during which Israel and Jordan would work out the issue of self rule for the Palestinians, Arabs living on the Gaza Strip, areas captured by Israel in earlier wars.

Iran Hostage Crisis U.S. had provided military and political assistance to Shah of Iran Ayatollah Khomeini and rebels overthrow the Shah’s government which is severely corrupt. Carter allows the Shah to come to U.S. for cancer treatment This infuriates revolutionaries in Iran

Iran Hostage Crisis On November 4, 1979, armed students seize the U.S. embassy in Iran’s capital Tehran taking 52 American hostages in exchange for the Shah Year long standoff All trade banned, diplomatic relations severed Hostages are not released until Jan. 20, 1981

Ronald Reagan and the New Right Very conservative Oppose legal abortions ERA Busing Gun control Reverse discrimination

Slashes government programs Food stamps Welfare Job training Medicaid School lunches Student loans

Middle Class Does not cut Social Security Medicare Veteran’s pension

Reaganomics Supply side economics Trickle down theory Increased money for business investments will create more jobs, money, entrepreneurs, and the development of new products and services

SDI Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars A defense system that would keep the U.S. safe from enemy missile attack Estimated cost one trillion dollars

Reagan plan: A balanced federal budget Voluntary prayer in public schools Presidential line item veto on budget

The George H.W. Bush Administration http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgehwbush

George H.W. Bush - Navy Pilot (1942 – 1945) George H.W. Bush rescued from the Pacific after being shot down by the Japanese during World War II

George H. W. Bush in his baseball uniform George H.W. Bush - Yale University (1945 – 1948) George H.W. Bush (left of clock) with the Skull and Bones group at Yale George H. W. Bush in his baseball uniform

George H.W. Bush - Oilman (1948 - 1966) Congressman Bush (1966 – 1970) w/his family (children left to right: Jeb, Marvin, Doro, Neil, George W.)

George H.W. Bush - U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (1971-1973) George H.W. Bush - Director of the CIA (1975 - 1977)

George H.W. Bush - Vice President (1981 - 1989)

1988 Presidential Election 1988 Bush Ad #1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmwhdDv8VrM 1988 Bush Ad #2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LToAmI4r6ms&feature=related

1988 Election Results

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. Initially a CIA informant for America Noriega was indicted by two US federal grand juries in Florida on charges of drug trafficking and racketeering and the CIA took him off its payroll. The next year, Noriega's image as a thuggish dictator was reinforced in the starkest terms as opposition candidates in the presidential election were stopped and beaten up by Noriega's "dignity battalions". Following a series of incidents that culminated in the death of an American soldier, President George Bush decided it was time for regime change. In December 1989, Bush sent in US troops to overthrow Noriega, offering a $1m reward for information leading to his capture. "General Noriega's reckless threats and attacks upon Americans in Panama created an imminent danger to the 35,000 American citizens in Panama. As president, I have no higher obligation than to safeguard the lives of American citizens," Bush said at the time.

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) w/the USSR in 1991 (reduced the nuclear arsenals of both countries).

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. START Treaty w/the USSR in 1991 (reduced the nuclear arsenals of both countries). Oversaw the end of the Cold War (Berlin Wall fell in 1989 & the USSR dissolved in 1991). Liberated Kuwait in 1991 after it was invaded by Iraq (Operation Desert Storm). Began the NAFTA negotiations in 1991. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) began on January 1, 1994. This agreement would remove most barriers to trade and investment among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. (Free trade between North American countries)

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. START Treaty w/the USSR in 1991 (reduced the nuclear arsenals of both countries). Oversaw the end of the Cold War (Berlin Wall fell in 1989 & the USSR dissolved in 1991). Liberated Kuwait in 1991 after it was invaded by Iraq (Operation Desert Storm). Began the NAFTA negotiations in 1991. Raised taxes to deal with the rising deficit, contradicting his campaign promise.

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. START Treaty w/the USSR in 1991 (reduced the nuclear arsenals of both countries). Oversaw the end of the Cold War (Berlin Wall fell in 1989 & the USSR dissolved in 1991). Liberated Kuwait in 1991 after it was invaded by Iraq (Operation Desert Storm). Began the NAFTA negotiations in 1991. Raised taxes to deal with the rising deficit, contradicting his campaign promise. Deficit spending and the national debt dramatically increased during his presidency.

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. START Treaty w/the USSR in 1991 (reduced the nuclear arsenals of both countries). Oversaw the end of the Cold War (Berlin Wall fell in 1989 & the USSR dissolved in 1991). Liberated Kuwait in 1991 after it was invaded by Iraq (Operation Desert Storm). Began the NAFTA negotiations in 1991. Raised taxes to deal with the rising deficit, contradicting his campaign promise. Deficit spending and the national debt dramatically increased during his presidency. Was unable to deal with the economic recession that began in 1990.

Major Events and Policies as President Invaded Panama & captured Manuel Noriega (dictator & major drug trafficker) in 1989. START Treaty w/the USSR in 1991 (reduced the nuclear arsenals of both countries). Oversaw the end of the Cold War (Berlin Wall fell in 1989 & the USSR dissolved in 1991). Liberated Kuwait in 1991 after it was invaded by Iraq (Operation Desert Storm). Began the NAFTA negotiations in 1991. Raised taxes to deal with the rising deficit, contradicting his campaign promise. Deficit spending and the national debt dramatically increased during his presidency. Was unable to deal with the economic recession that began in 1990. Lost his bid for reelection in 1992 to Bill Clinton. Presidential Trivia His father (Prescott) was a U.S. senator. His son Jeb was governor of Florida & his son George W. was the 43rd President of the U.S. He publicly refused to eat broccoli in 1990 & banned it from the White House & Air Force One menus.

Barbara Bush with broccoli growers from California “I do not like broccoli. And I haven't liked it since I was a little kid and my mother made me eat it. And I'm President of the United States and I'm not going to eat any more broccoli.” - George H. W. Bush (March 22, 1990) Barbara Bush with broccoli growers from California

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoBFL6iwid4 (1992-2000) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoBFL6iwid4 (1992-2000)

Bill Clinton meets President John F Bill Clinton meets President John F. Kennedy as a 16 year-old delegate of Boy’s Nation on June 6, 1963

Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham at Yale Law School, January 1972 Education – Georgetown University, Oxford University, Yale Law School Bill Clinton runs for Student Council President at Georgetown University Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham at Yale Law School, January 1972

Bill Clinton taking the Oath of Office as the Governor of Arkansas on January 9, 1979

1992 Presidential Election 1992 Presidential Debate: Video Clip Clinton 1992 Campaign Ad

1992 Election Results

Major Events and Policies as President Initiated the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for the U.S. Armed Forces in 1993

Major Events and Policies as President Initiated the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for the U.S. Armed Forces in 1993 Signed the Brady Bill in 1993 (waiting period & background check for handguns)

Major Events and Policies as President Initiated the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for the U.S. Armed Forces in 1993 Signed the Brady Bill in 1993 (waiting period & background check for handguns) Won reelection against Bob Dole in 1996

Impeached in 1998 Perjury and obstruction of justice

Initiated the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for the U. S Initiated the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for the U.S. Armed Forces in 1993 Signed the Brady Bill in 1993 (waiting period & background check for handguns) Wins re-election President under one of our best economies ever. Low unemployment and inflation rates

Balanced the budget, we actually had a surplus in 1999 and 2000 Initiated the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for the U.S. Armed Forces in 1993 Signed the Brady Bill in 1993 (waiting period & background check for handguns) Wins re-election President under one of our best economies ever. Low unemployment and inflation rates Balanced the budget, we actually had a surplus in 1999 and 2000

What were the major events of the George W. Bush presidency? Essential Question What were the major events of the George W. Bush presidency?

George W. Bush

Election of 2000 Democrat – Al Gore Republican – George W. Bush

Election of 2000 Decided by 537 votes in Florida Closest presidential election in U.S. history

Election of 2000 Both needed Florida’s 25 electoral votes to win

Election of 2000

Election of 2000 Close results in Florida State law required a recount Bush won by 537 votes

Bush v. Gore Gore took the case to the Supreme Court Ruled in favor FL certified results in time for the electoral college vote in mid-December

Sept. 11, 2001 Terrorist attacks in New York City, Washington D.C., Pennsylvania http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlQjHviRjiU Terrorism – the use of violence by nongovernmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal

Reasons for Muslim Terrorism U.S. investments in Middle East oil Western influences on Muslim religious values U.S. support of Israel

Al-Qaeda Muslim organization created by Osama bin Laden

War on Terror Response to terrorist attacks Created Department of Homeland Security

Patriot Act Increased authority of US law enforcement agencies Phone tapping Computer tapping Question of civil liberties?

Afghanistan Oct. 7, 2001 – U.S. began bombing Attacked al-Qaeda camps and the Taliban (supporters of bin Laden)

Iraq War March 20, 2003 – U.S. coalition forces (led by the U.S.) Invasion of Iraq, seized control by May 1

U.S. – Iraq War Based on intelligence that Hussein had weapons of mass destruction Used chemical weapons against the Kurds in Iraq

War in Iraq 2007 – troop surge approved Today – removal of troops as Iraq becomes more stable as a democracy

2008-present Barack Obama Democrat – Barack Obama First African American president Advocated Change in America

Initiatives Let’s Move-fights childhood obesity. First Lady Michelle Obama plays a major role in this campaign Joining Forces-Supporting troops and veterans 1 is 2 many-program that is trying to end violence and sexual assault against women Reach Higher- encouraging youth to stay in school and get a good education

Issues Civil Rights problems War in Afghanistan War in Iraq Gun Control There have been many criticisms of Obama during his presidency. His approval rating has dropped significantly. At the end of your notes: Write a paragraph stating your opinion about the presidency of Barack Obama. Use at least three specific examples