Particle Physics Theory in Portugal Centro de Física Teórica de Partículas Centre for Theoretical Particle Physics Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon

Technical University of Lisbon Centro de Física Teórica de Partículas Centre for Theoretical Particle Physics Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Organization of the Presentation The Members of CFTP Previous Evaluations of CFTP The Impact of CFTP Research Outreach Details of Research Conclusions Prestigious Prizes, Awards, Scholarships International and National Collaborations Success of CFTP Students and Post-Docs Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Centro de Física Teórica de Partículas Permanent Members: Research Associates: (5 year positions) Post-Docs: PhD Students: 1 Maria da Conceição Bento David Emmanuel-Costa Albert Villanova del Moral 2 Pedro Bicudo Thomas Kernreiter Gilberto Tomas F. Ramalho 3 Gustavo C. Branco Sergio Palomares-Ruiz Ivo de Medeiros Varzielas 4 Ricardo González Felipe Ana M. Teixeira Marco Picariello 5 Luís Lavoura   Maria A. Tórtola Baixauli 6 Paulo A. Parada Miguel R. Nebot Gómez 7 Teresa Peña Nuno M. C. dos Santos 8 João Pulido Pavel Fileviez Perez 9 M. N. Rebelo Vladimir Sauli Biswajit Adhikary Juan A. Aguilar-Saavedra* Gregory Moreau* Zoltan Batiz* Bhag C. Chauhan* Vikram Duvvuri* Mario Gomez* Anjan Ananda Sen* Julio Lozano* Ruben Shahoyan* Rob Veenhof* Hermine Woehri* Markus Keil* Solveig Skadhauge* Frank Krueger* Anna Rossi* 10 Jorge C. Romão 11 João C. Seixas 12 João P. Silva 13 Joaquim I. Silva-Marcos Hugo Serodio Catarina F. Silva Simões João M.B. Nestal Esteves João P. M. N. Aparício Marco J. D. C. Cardoso Paulo M. C.S. Torres Pedro G. F. Parracho Pedro M. E. Ramalhete Pedro Oscar Sa Martins Renato Fonseca Executive Board: Gustavo C. Branco (president) Jorge C. Romão Teresa Peña Joaquim Silva-Marcos Total: 27 PhD’s Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Former evaluations of the particle physics group, forming today CFTP. Panel: Claude Detraz, Martial Ducloy, Martin C. E. Huber, Herwig Shopper, David George Walmsley, Dennis Weaire (Coordinator) “This large unit has produced some truly remarkable achievements and some of its groups are at the leading edge of European Physics Research, acting on and contributing to hot current issues. About half of the members are working in elementary particle physics.” ... “All the topics under investigation are of great relevance and on the cutting edge of particle theory, e.g. SUSY and CP violation, neutrino masses and neutrino mixing, baryogenisis through leptogenisis. Topics that combine particle and astrophysics concern dark matter, dark energy and inflation. But also data from B-factories are analysed.” .... Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

European Commission Research Directorate-General CFTP was also evaluated after its formation as a separate center: European Commission Research Directorate-General Programme: Structuring the European Research Area, Proposal No 514138-NUMASS Quality/ Capacity of the Host “The quality of the host group is very good. The host, Particle Physics group in Lisbon, is very good and the leading one in Portugal.” Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Impact of CFTP Research CFTP includes the majority of the top cited scientists working in Particle Physics in Portugal and some our members have thousands of citations. These papers are in various domains of Particle Physics including: There are 24 papers written by members of CFTP, with 100 or more citations. - CP violation and Flavour Mixing - SUSY - Dark Energy, Dark Matter - Leptogenesis Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

CFTP Papers with more than 100 Citations Publications CFTP Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Other Results / Issues 202 Published Papers, 2003---2007 Weekly Seminars 8 International Conferences 2004--2007 Prestigious International Long Term Visitors Helmut Satz Lincoln Wolfenstein Boris Kayser Carlos Savoy José Valle Patrick Aurenche Evgeni Akhmedov Francisco Botella Specialized Library with 1628 books 4 Positions for Research Associates: (5 year positions) Several Prestigious Prizes, Awards, Scholarships Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

International Networks CFTP Participates in three EUROPEAN NETWORKS, which include some of the most prestigious Universities and Research Institutes in Europe. The competition among the various Universities/Research Institutes is very strong, so the fact that we are part of 3 NETWORKS, reflects the recognition of CFTP in the international context as a center of excelence and the leader Theoretical Particle Physics in Portugal. NETWORKS: Tools and Precision Calculations for Physics Discoveries at Colliders (17 institutions including the universities of Durham, Paris Sud, INFN, DESY, Max-Planck-Institut, Brookhaven National Lab, KEK, CERN) Quest for Unification (13 institutions, including Saclay, INFN, Oxford U., Valencia U., CERN and Stanford U.) EtaMesonNet, in the context of HPI3 Hadron Physics Integrated Infra-structure Initiative) of the VI Framework Project (31 institutions, including London U.C., Hamburg U., Helsinki HIP, Uppsala U., Valência U., INFN) Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Important International Working Groups We have also collaborated in several International Working Groups contributing to the preparation of the final reports: The CERN Workshop "Flavour in Era of LHC" in the subgroups: WG1: "Collider aspects of flavour physics at high Q", WG3: "Flavour in the lepton sector, EDMs, g-2, CP violation" "European Network of Astroparticle Physics" (ENTApP) in the subgoup: WG1 "Double Beta Decay and related topics“ SPA: Supersymmetry Parameter Analysis WG III of Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

CFTP PASC Cooperation with National Research Institutes LIP CENTRA CFTP, LIP (particle phys. experimentalists) and CENTRA (astrophysics), have joined efforts and created the PASC initiative. We want to increase the offer of courses and post-graduate studies of Physics Engineering in Particle, Astrophysics and Cosmology, at the level of Master of Science (2nd Bologna cycle) and Ph.D. (3rd Bolongna cycle). PASC is going to intensify the interaction of the 3 centers. PASC has about one 100 researchers with PhD. The 3 centers maintain also intense international collaboration with the world's leading scientific institutions in these areas, such as CERN and ESO as well as with a great number of European, American and Japanese universities, participating also in important Networks financed by the European Union. Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Successes of PhD students and Post Docs CFTP program for training Ph.D Students and Post-Docs CFTP has given special importance to the training of Ph.D graduate Students and Post-Docs. Perhaps the most objective way of judging the quality of a program of training Ph.D Students and Post-Docs is by investigating their carreers after they leave CFTP. CFTP is proud that our Ph.D students and Post-Docs have done very well after leaving CFTP. Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Successes of some recent PhD Students David Emmanuel-Costa: Ph.D, 2001 Post-Doc DESY, 2001 5-year position at CFTP/IST, fall of 2008. Ana M. Teixeira: Ph.D, 2003 Post-Doc Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, 2003 Post-Doc position in Orsay, 2006 Filipe Joaquim: Ph.D, 2004 Post-Doc Univ.of Padova, 2004 Offered various Post-Doc positions in prestigious European universities, 2007 Post-Doc Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, 2007. Nuno Santos: Ph.D, 2005 Post-Doc University of Heidelberg, 2006 Post-Doc with part time Univ.of Berkeley and CFTP/IST, 2007. José Barbosa: Ph.D, 2004, Experiment Chief Engineer DEIMOS SA (Space Engineering, working with ESA) Andre David: Ph.D, 2006 , Experiment FCT Post-Doc at CERN Atila Neves: Ph.D, 2005 , Experiment CERN Staff, IT Division Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Successes of some recent Post Docs Juan A. Aguilar-Saavedra: Was offered and accepted a RAMON y CAJAL position in the University of Granada. Miguel Nebot: Received and accepted an offer for a Post-Doc position in Rome. Gregory Moreau: Received and accepted an offer for a permanent position in France (Orsay, LPT). Pavel Filiviez Perez Post-Doc position in the Phyics Dep. of Wisconsin Madison Univ. Rob Veenhof: (Experiment) CERN, LHC gas detectors. Hermine Wöhri: Post-Doc INFN Cagliari. Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Outreach Contribuition to Popular TV programs on Science: “ABCiência” Project: The Book of Nature 'O Livro da Natureza‘, talks & lectures in Secondary Schools Visits to CERN Websites of physics and science for the general public Exhibits, Public lectures and Books: - Knowledge Fair (“Feira do Conhecimento”) - International Year of Physics with public lectures (Gulbenkian Inst.) - Exhibition: “a, b, g: Signs from Nature” - Public lectures in the Science Museum - Edition of Popular Books on Einstein and the Nucleus Edition of the Portuguese Physical Society Magazine for the general public + Website Contribuition to Popular TV programs on Science: “ABCiência” Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Research in Particle Physics Anticipating a New Golden Age Frank Wilczek (Nobel Laureate, MIT) “The Standard Model of Fundamental Interactions is remarkably successful, but it leaves an unfinished agenda.” “Several major questions seem ripe for exploration in the near future.” “I anticipate that the coming decade will be a golden age of discovery in Fundamental Physics.” Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Some of the Fundamental open questions in Particle Physics What is the origin of Electroweak Symmetry breaking? How to understand the origin of Mass and the pattern of Fermion Masses and Mixings, including Neutrinos? Supersymmetry: if present at what scale will it be manifest? How to generate the observed Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe? How to solve QCD? What is Dark Matter? What is Dark Energy? Quantum Gravity: an old fundamental question. Are there Extra Dimensions? What else is out there? Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Research work of CFTP Most plausible answer: The work of CFTP covers most of the 10 questions listed by Frank Wilczek. Question 1: What is the origin of Electroweak Symmetry breaking? Examples of CFTP work related to the above question: Most plausible answer: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking through the Higgs mechanism João P. Silva Gustavo C. Branco Luís Lavoura Paulo A. Parada M. N. Rebelo Jorge C. Romão Ana M. Teixeira Study of Multi-Higgs systems, with emphasis on the structure of the vacuum. Joaquim Silva-Marcos Gustavo C. Branco Luís Lavoura Paulo A. Parada M. N. Rebelo Jorge C. Romão Ana M. Teixeira Study of Weak-Basis invariants in the Higgs sector: Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

The work of CFTP covers most of the 10 questions listed by Frank Wilczek. Question 2: How to understand the origin of Mass and the pattern of Fermion Masses and Mixings, including Neutrinos? This is one of the most fundamental questions in Particle Physics which has become even more intricate since the discovery of Neutrino masses and mixings. Main point: Gauge invariance does not constrain the flavour structure of Yukawa interactions. As a result, most of the free parameteres of the SM consist of fermion masses and mixing. Luís Lavoura M. N. Rebelo Joaquim Silva-Marcos Ricardo Gonzalez-Felipe Gustavo C. Branco Paulo A. Parada João Pulido Jorge C. Romão David Emmanuel-Costa Ana M. Teixeira Ivo Medeiros Varzielas Miguel R. Nebot Gómez A. Villanova del Moral Maria A. Tórtola Baixauli Pavel Fileviez Perez J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra Gregory Moreau Bhag C. Chauhan Mario Gomez Solveig Skadhauge Counting of parameters: Quark sector: 6 quark masses + 3 mixing angles + 1 cp violating phase= 10 Lepton sector: 6 charged lepton masses + 3 mixing angles + 3 cp violating phases = 12 So altogether we have 22 free parameters in the fermion sector!!! There has been in CFTP a lot of work on this question using the introduction of Family symmetries and/or the use of Weak-Basis invariants. Some of this work has had a great impact in the literature (see the list of CFTP papers with 100 or more citations) Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Supersymmetry, if present at what scale will it be manifest? Question 3 (and 8): Supersymmetry, if present at what scale will it be manifest? Although there is not yet direct experimental evidence for SUSY, there are many theoretical arguments indicating that SUSY might be of relevance for physics below the 1 TeV scale. The most commonly invoked theoretical arguments for SUSY are: Interrelates matter fields (leptons and quarks) with force fields (gauge and/or Higgs bosons). As local SUSY implies gravity (supergravity) it could provide a way to unify gravity with the other interactions. As SUSY and supergravity have fewer divergences than conventional field theories, the hope is that it could provide a consistent (finite) quantum gravity theory. SUSY can help to understand the mass problem, in particular solve the naturalness problem (and in some models even the hierarchy problem) if SUSY particles have masses ≤ O(1TeV). Unification of Gauge Coupling better in SUSY GUT’s.

The work of CFTP covers most of the 10 questions listed by Frank Wilczek. Question 4: How to generate the observed Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe? We have addressed this question in the framework of Baryogenesis through Leptogenesis, where first a Lepton Asymmetry is created through the CP violating decays of the Heavy Neutrinos and then this Lepton Asymmetry is converted into a Baryon Asymmetry through B+L violating but B-L conserving Spharelon processes. In our work, we paid special attention to the possible connection between the size of the Lepton Asymmetry generated and low energy parameteres in the Leptonic sector. M. N. Rebelo Ricardo Gonzalez-Felipe Gustavo C. Branco Joaquim Silva-Marcos David Emmanuel-Costa Ana M. Teixeira Filipe Joaquim This work has had significant impact in the in the literature. (see the list of CFTP papers with more than 100 citations) Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

1 Electromagnetic Probes 12GeV JLab Programe Question 5: How to solve QCD Work done at CFTP 1 Electromagnetic Probes 12GeV JLab Programe Teresa Peña, Gilberto Ramalho, Pedro Bicudo,Vladimir Sauli Marco Cardoso, Verónica Malafaia, Zoltan Batiz European links:VIIth european Framework networks N4-QCDnet N5-PrimeNet Portugal-Spain Integrated Actions 3 Ph.D Thesis 2 Heavy-ion Collisions Na60 CERN João Seixas (collaboration with C. Lourenço and H. Satz) Experimental connection to LIP Quiet revolution 1 3NF recognized as part of nuclear dynamics. 2 EFT satisfying QCD symmetries.

Questions 6, 7: What is Dark Matter? What is Dark Energy? Observational constraints (SNe, CMBR, …) on cosmological models Models of inflation Dark energy/matter The electromagnetic coupling and the dark side of the Universe. Baryo/leptogenesis in braneworld cosmology Maria C. Bento Ricardo G. Felipe Nuno C. Santos

Question 9: Are there Extra Dimensions? The work of CFTP covers most of the 10 questions listed by Frank Wilczek. Question 9: Are there Extra Dimensions? Will we be able to see any signature of Extra Dimensions in the LHC? And How? We have addressed this question and constructed models with Extra Dimensions, where intrinsic geometrical mechanisms can explain the origin of the large mass hierarchies among the Standard Model fermions. Joaquim Silva-Marcos Gregory Moreau M. N. Rebelo Gustavo C. Branco Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Question 10: What else is out there? The work of CFTP covers most of the 10 questions listed by Frank Wilczek. Question 10: What else is out there? Of course this is the most exciting of all Questions. Will experiment (not only LHC) give us some real surprises? All members of CFTP Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

Conclusions What about the FUTURE ? CFTP has carried out internationally recognized outstanding research in various áreas of Particle Physics which contributed to the advancement of the field (see list of papers with more than 100 citations), in various domains, including: - CP violation and Flavour Mixing - SUSY - Dark Energy, Dark Matter - Leptogenesis CFTP has a Strong Program for training Post-Docs and Ph.D students. CFTP is both internationally and nationally connected to prestigious institutions working in Particle Physics and related areas, such as Experimental Particle Physics and Astrophysics. CFTP is Ready and Eager to Enthusiastically participate in the New Golden Age anticipated by Frank Wilczek. What about the FUTURE ? Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008

CFTP Many Outreach Activities Work: Great Impact Many Papers, +100 Citations Previous Evaluations Excellent Work at the Cutting Edgde of Research CFTP Networks with Strong Competition Several Prestigious Prizes Strong International Collaboration Many Outreach Activities Successes for Students Post-Docs Theoretical Physics in Portugal 2008