1 The Future of Public Transport – In Pursuit of Zero Emissions Jaimie Levin

2 AC Transit Serving 1.5 million people in 13 cities 67 million passengers 650 buses 2,190 employees $309 million budget 105 lines (27 transbay)

3 Addicted to Oil* Less than 5% of Population Consumes 25% of World Oil 25% to 30% of World’s Carbon Emissions Import 60% of The Oil We Consume 67% Consumed by Transportation [Sources: * George Bush/ Data: U.S. DOE; Energy Information Agency]

4 United States VMT Growth

5 Bay Area Transit Market Share Total Person Trips/Weekday Total Auto Person Trips/Weekday Total Transit Person Trips/Weekday Source: SF Bay Area MTC

6 Travel-to-Work Market Share Source: U.S. Census Journey to Work: 2000

7 Getting Started with Hydrogen ZEbus Test – November 1999 NeBus Test – 2000 California Fuel Cell Partnership – 2000 ISE/UTC Thor Bus – 2003/2004

8 An electrical generator NOT a battery A chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen Emits only water vapor and heat 120 kW to 200 kW of output What’s A Fuel Cell?

9 Opening Dedication – March 13, 2006

10 26 Partners – $21 Million

11 What Motivates Us? Public Health: urban centers/people at risk Quality of Life: quiet buses Cost Savings: Reduced life cycle costs Hydrogen’s Potential Value – Sustainability: Diversified and Renewable Energy Supply Energy Independence (National Security) Reduction in Global Warming

12 Why Transit? The Real World vs. Super Computer Unlimited Variables Government as Early Adopter and Change Agent (R&D; Tech Validation) Centralized Fueling and Maintenance Professionally Trained Staff Public Exposure Energy Benefits of Using Transit

13 Our Customers 200,000 Passengers Events Clean Quiet Smooth

14 18 Line Line Pull- out Pull-in Total Hours Platform Miles Miles/KgKg/Day a 1203x 19: a 1223x 19: a 1143p 17: mile grade at approximately 5% Albany Berkeley Oakland UC Campus

15 Emissions Reduction – 3 Buses 316Tons of CO 2 (40% – 50% Net Reduction, Well-to-Wheel) 3,330Pounds of NOx 40 Pounds of Particulates 21,000 gallons of diesel saved

16 Performance Mileage90,000 miles Fuel Economy 70% to 100% better (8,000 lbs. handicap) Reliability 6,900 MBRC (March 2008) Power 18% Grades; Cruises at 65 mph Braking Regenerative Braking – Smooth Acceleration Smooth Electric Propulsion Integrated Technology Cheaper, Smaller, More Powerful

17 Next-Generation Design – 2009 Several Thousands Pounds Lighter Better Energy Storage Lower profile 55 mph 12% Grade 8 to 12 Buses $2.2 Million

18 Fuel Cell Cars 9 Hyundai Tucson/Kia Sportage SUVs Operated by AC Transit Road Supervisors ( 150 mi/day )

19 Fuel Cell Flashlights

20 Oakland Energy Station Made from Natural Gas 150 kg/day; 366 kg Storage Solar Offsets 20,191 kg to date

21 Solar Power – 775,500 kWh/Yr Seminary Avenue BART Steam Reformer 273,000 kWh/Yr Solar Panels

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23 Advanced Demo – $37M SF Bay Region ($27M) State of California ($4M) Federal ($3.5M) Regional Air District ($2M)

24 Bay Area 5 Transit Agencies (>2,500 vehicles) 12 New Buses in 2009 Expanded Fueling (360 kg/day) Shared Service

25 Evaluation In Partnership with NREL, DOE, FTA Ongoing study Compared to Control Fleet of Diesel/CNG Buses

26 Outreach/Training Employee Training (400 Drivers; 176 Mechanics) 1 st Responder Training (400) Community Outreach (8,500)

27 Education HyTEC Curriculum DOE: $350,000 1 st AC Transit: $130,000 2 nd AC Transit: $300,000 Conference/ Learning Center Chevron: $380,000

28 High School Education

29 Commercialization Thresholds 1. Performance (Reliability and Durability) 2. Cost (CapEx and Life Cycle) 3.Packaging (Weight – 8,200 lb delta, and size) 4. Fuel (Purity, Cost, Speed, STORAGE)

30 Fuel – #1 Challenge Richmond – Electrolysis De-commissioned 1/4/08 Potential Satellite – Emeryville (150 kg) Oakland Reformer – Upgrade (from 150 kg to 300 kg) Potential Satellite – Hayward

31 Government Role Early Adopters – Fund Advanced Demonstrations in Support of Technology Validation Support Evaluation and Education Bridge the Funding Gap in Support of Deployment $49 MM Over Four Years – Not Enough Re-authorization of Transportation Bill

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