1 Access Line Operation Analysis & Case Study in Beijing Metro System Zhili Liu, Ph.D. School of Traffic and Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University

THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEIJING METRO NETWORK OVERVIEW CALIFORNIA 2 GATEWAY CITIES PORT OF LONG BEACH PORT OF LOS ANGELES An Overview of Beijing Metro:  15 Lines, 192 stations and 372 km (231 mi) of track ; 4 th in track length, after Shanghai, London and Seoul.  2 operators: Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp. (state owned), Beijing MTR Corp. (public- private joint-venture with the Hong Kong MTR).  2.18 billion riders (2011), 4 th in annual ridership after Tokyo, Seoul and Moscow.  A single-day record of 8.4 million (on April 28, 2012).  A flat fare of RMB(¥) 2.00 was introduced on October 7, 2007 before 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics except Airport Express ¥25.00.

3 PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC IN BEIJING METRO SYSTEM CHALLENGE Source: On the Platform Outside the Station

Beijing Jiaotong University LineDirection Maximum Passenger Volume (Passengers/h) Headway Peak Hour Capacity (Ps) Period Passenger/ Capacity Ratio 1 Westbound457262'15''385567:30—8:30120% Eastbound486132'15''385567:30—8:30126% 5 Northbound309712'30''299047:30—8:30106% Southbound411452'30''341767:30—8:30120% 10 Counter- clockwise '293607:40—8:40107% Clockwise311643'293607:45—8:45106% BT Eastbound289413' :00—19:00107% Westbound380013'271327:20—8:20135% PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC IN METRO CHALLENGE

BATONG LINE

Opened in 2003, entirely above ground,runs 18.9 km from Sihui (B) in the west to Tuqiao (A) in the east.SihuiTuqiao Extends Line 1 further east from Chaoyang District to suburbs in Tongzhou District across E 4 th,E5 th to E 6 TH.Line 1Tongzhou District 6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF BATONG LINE OVERVIEW E. 4 th Ring Road E. 5 th Ring Road E. 6 th Ring Road

7 Nearly 100% transfer to Line1 during AM rush hours

Upgrade signal system to reduce headways (76.4%) Enlarge fleet size 4 cars to 6 cars (164%) Control traffic on platforms Control traffic outside stations Open a BRT on Jingtong Expressway 8 ENHANCING THE CAPACITY IN BATONG LINE MEET THE CHALLENGE

9 ENHANCING THE CAPACITY IN BATONG LINE MEET THE CHALLENGE

JINGTONG BRT

11 JINGTONG BRT OVERVIEW Sihui DawangqiaoJianguomen Shuanghuiqiao Outside BRT (WB) 7:00-9:00 AM Westbound 5:00-7:00 PM Eastbound CL BRT Phase I BRT Phase II Inside BRT (WB) Outside BRT (EB) Inside BRT (EB)

JINGTONG BRT OPERATION  28 bus routes run on the BRT lanes, 10 on inside BRT lanes and 18 on outside BRT lanes.  Buses run on the BRT lanes at the speed of 50 km/h, an increase of 108% of speed since BRT lanes were operated.  Over 120,000 people take buses during AM and PM peak hours. Passenger volume going the downtown area by bus increases 8,000 during AM peak hours.  Private vehicle keeps speed unchanged during AM peak hours, but in the PM peak hours the speed of private vehicles reduces 30%.

BATONG Line OPERATION After Before Passenger volume on the Batong line reduces more than 6,000 passengers /day during the AM peak hour of the first 3 days. Passenger volume was reduced in the stations close to the departure stops of BRT.

JINGTONG BRT OPERATION MODE SHIFT 64% from existing bus services 15% from Metro 10% from bus+Metro 6% from private vehicles Bus Metro Bus+Metro Car Taxi Others

The study has showed that the Batong line has experienced heavy congestion in the AM and PM peak hours. A number of solutions has been implemented to reduce the congestion on the Batong line. The BRT lines has attracted the traffic from the Metro system. Further research is needed to study the impacts of BRT services on the Metro system. CONCLUSIONS 15

THANK YOU Zhili Liu, Ph.D. School of Traffic and Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University