Experience and Plans for High Speed Lines in Germany December 16th, 2010 Hermann Gitzelmann, Pöyry Infra GmbH Gunther Ellwanger, Ellwanger Consulting

GERMAN HSR LINES 2 EUROPEAN HS NETWORK ( Situation as at ) Information given by the Railways v > 250 km/h 180 < v < 250 km/h Other lines v > 250 km/h Planned UIC - High-Speed Updated OG/IB

GERMAN HSR LINES 3 HIGH SPEED TRAFFIC – EVOLUTION IN EUROPE

GERMAN HSR LINES 4 HIGH SPEED RAIL WINS MARKET SHARE before (left) and after HSR For distances up to km HSR is competitive ! Train (24%) Car (43%) Thalys (50%) Car (61%) Bus (5%) Bus (8%) Plane (7%) Plane (2%) Train (33%) AVE (83,6%) Plane (67%) Plane (16,4%) Eurostar (71%) Plane (26%) Plane, low cost (3%) Paris – Brussels (all modes)Madrid – Sevilla (rail – air) Paris - London Madrid – Barcelona Train (11,8%) Plane (88,2%) AVE (50,4%) Plane (49,6%)

GERMAN HSR LINES 5  Very ambitious plan  2200 km HSL (300 km/h) (number of HSL later reduced; design speed reduced to 250 km/h)  1250 km UL (existing lines up to 200 km/h)  Modernization of junctions  New urban and regional mass transport  Four new huge shunting yards for freight trains Source: E.Jänsch, RTR 2008 DB’S INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION PROGRAM 1970

GERMAN HSR LINES 6 HSR IN GERMANY Kiel Bremen Passau Nürnberg Erfurt München Stuttgart Köln Hannover Dresden Hamburg Schwerin Berlin Magdeburg Karlsruhe Saarbrücken Frankfurt/M Düsseldorf Actual situation  200 km/h Upgraded lines (UL) 230 km/h  250 km/h New HSL New HSL / UL in construction or planned  200 km/h  230 km/h  250 km/h Source: Feldwisch, DB 230

GERMAN HSR LINES 7  HSL Hannover – Würzburg – Length: 327 km – 60 tunnels: 121 km 37 %  HSL Mannheim – Stuttgart – Length:109 km – 15 tunnels: 31 km, 28 %  Both HSL – Mixed traffic – Minimum radius: 5100 m – Maximum gradient: 1,25 % Source map: W.Weigand, DB HSL HANNOVER – WÜRZBURG AND MANNHEIM – STUTTGART 1991 LAUNCH OF HSR IN GERMANY WITH ICE (InterCityExpress)

GERMAN HSR LINES 8  German HSR started 1991, ICE 1 trains in service  ICE 1 push and pull, 12 coaches, 650 places, 358 m  Mixed traffic: HSR: 250 km/h, Today: 280 km/h freight: 120 km/h - Day: HSR; EC, IC - Night: freight trains Source: E.Jänsch, RTR HSR (ICE) ON TWO HSL AND ON CONVENTIONAL LINES

GERMAN HSR LINES 9 MIXED TRAFFIC ON GERMAN HSL HANNOVER – WÜRZBURG  Section Göttingen – Kassel, 2001  Day: 6 – 22 h : passenger: ICE (red), IC, EC (orange)  Night: 23 – 4 h: freight (blue) Source: E.Jänsch, RTR 2008 Passenger trains Freight trains

GERMAN HSR LINES 10 ICE 1 ON THE LEFT RHINE VALLEY (CONVENTIONAL LINE)

GERMAN HSR LINES 11 DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SPEED TRAINS Triebkopf- Konzept (Push-Pull PP) Verteilte Traktion (EMU) Technologie Revolution Evolution Revolution 2. Generation 3. Generation 4. Generation Evolution Wettbewerb ICE® ist eine registrierte Marke der DB AG, Source:Siemens 1. Generation Velaro CN Velaro E Velaro RUS Velaro D Evolution ICE 3 ICE 2 ICE 1 TGV PSE

GERMAN HSR LINES 12 ICE 3

GERMAN HSR LINES 13  HSL Köln – Frankfurt, dedicated – Length:180 km – 30 tunnels: 47 km, 26 % – Minimum Radius: 3425 m – Maximum Gradient: 4 % – Travel time: 1 h 15, before: 2 h 15 – ICE 3: EMU  HSL Nürnberg – Ingolstadt, mixed – Length:89 km – 9 tunnels: 27 km, 30 % – also regional trains: 200 km/h Source map: W.Weigand, DB HSL COLOGNE – FRANKFURT (2002) HSL NUREMBERG – INGOLSTADT (2006) BOTH 300 km/h

GERMAN HSR LINES 14 GERMAN HSR MIXED – DEDICATED

GERMAN HSR LINES 15  5 HSL (4 + Han – Bln) (red: NBS) 250 – 300 km/h, total length: 900 km  Several UL (green: ABS) 160 – 200 km/h  1 UL (blue) 230 km/h  ICE work on about 6900 km, of which 2100 km are HSL or UL  ICE 3 trains are running to 6 neighbor countries (1300 km) Source: E.Jänsch, RTR 2008 GERMAN HSR 2007

GERMAN HSR LINES 16 HSR AND ENVIRONMENT: CONSTRUCTION OF NEW LINES (1) Impact on nature: geology microclimate vegetation land occupation impact on landscape Targets: avoid damages reduce damages expertise / EIA

GERMAN HSR LINES 17 HSR AND ENVIRONMENT: CONSTRUCTION OF NEW LINES (2) Linkage with highways: Paris-Lille135 km Paris-Lyon 60 km Paris-Atlantique 35 km Mannheim-Stuttgart 35 km Köln-Frankfurt140 km Land occupation for German highways9,3 ha/km HSL Hannover-Würzburg3,0 ha/km HSL Mannheim-Stuttgart4,0 ha/km average3,2 ha/km

GERMAN HSR LINES 18 HSR AND ENVIRONMENT: OPERATION OF NEW LINES Noise: big improvements of noise reduction to the source layout away from inhabited areas passive noise protection (walls, embankments, tunnels) Air pollution: along electric lines: O by production of energy: very low (energy mix!) depends on energy consumption

GERMAN HSR LINES 19 HSR AND EXTERNAL COSTS € / 1,000 PKM ThalysCarAir Up/downstream Urban effects Climate change Air pollution Noise Accidents Source: IWW-Infras - 3/2000 Corridor nr II Paris - Brussels results SRMC by mean of transport

GERMAN HSR LINES 20 SPECIFIC CO 2 EMISSIONS / PKM FRANCE (ADEME)

GERMAN HSR LINES 21 LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORT 1978 – SPFV gesamt ↓ ICE 60 % ↑ ↓ IC/EC ↑ ↓ Interregio (IR) D E │ ││ ││ ││ billion Pkm Source: E.Jänsch ↑ ↓

GERMAN HSR LINES 22  Western Europe (old EU + Norway, CH)  Long distance passenger (more than 80 km) traffic  5 different scenarios: – Basis scenario (this figure) – WE:total 315 bn Pkm of which 90 bn Pkm by HSR ( 30 % from air, 34 % from private car, 34 % induced traffic, 2 % bus) – Environment Scenario bn Pkm for rail UIC TRAFFIC FORECAST STUDY 2020

GERMAN HSR LINES 23  modal split and trends of traffic are not sustainable  Sustainability only with more rail traffic: – Infrastructure policy (HSL, UL, Freight L) – Reduce distortion effects – Client oriented rail products (i.e.: HSR, CT, Quality, …) CONCLUSIONS Good future for HSR

GERMAN HSR LINES 24 CONTACT: NAME: HERMANN GITZELMANN MAIL: PHONE: