Role of Inland Water Transport in Asia Report of the 1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit Open Event in Beppu on 3 December 2007 Prof. Tatsuhiko IKEDA Yokohama National University, Japan

1 IWT is a mode with low cost, energy efficient, and environment-friendly. At the Water and Regional Development Sessions of the 3rd and 4th World Water Forum held in Kyoto (2003) and Mexico City (2006), it was recommended that IWT be further promoted and utilized to realize regional development. Background for the use of Inland Water Transport (IWT)

2 Symposium on ‘Waterborne Transportation and Regional Development’ was held in Beppu on 3 December 2007 as an Open Event of Asia-Pacific Water Summit. Senior administrative officials concerned and researchers in Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam and Cambodia made presentation on the use of IWT in their country. Various issues and challenges were discussed for further promoting IWT in the region. ■Panelists (Alphabetical Order) Senior Adviser, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ■Coordinator Prof. Tatsuhiko IKEDA, Yokohama National University, Japan Mr. Mikio ISIWATARI Mr. Kazuo ITOU Dr. LEE Sung-Woo Dr. Katry PHUNG Dr. TRAN Dac Suu Mr. Yifei ZHAO Research Fellow, Port Research Department, Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) Director-General, Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration (VIWA) Associate Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Director, Waterways Department, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Cambodia Chief Executive, Seaport and Airport Bureau, City of Kitakyushu ■Theme: Waterborne Transportation and Regional Development Photo: OITA GODOSHIMBUN, All Japan Regional Newspaper Federation The 1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit Open Event

3 Dr. Phung Katry Director, Waterways Department, Director, Waterways Department, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Cambodia Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Cambodia “Support People's Lives” About 3.9 million people (one-third of the national population) live beside the Mekong River in Cambodia. They depend on IWT. The Mekong River

4 Vessel seize restriction on Mekong River Domestic cargo/passenger route International Cargo/Passenger route -International route : Ocean going vessels with 5,000 DWT can access with the depth of waterway of 5 meters -Domestic navigation route: vessels with 500 DWT in wet season and 70 DWT in dry season (the depth of waterway is m in dry season.

5 Inter-provincial Cargo movement by Waterway The volume of waterway long distant transport between Phnom Penh Port and Provincial towns has decreased since 2003 due to the improvement of road network and insufficient loading facilities in each port. However, internal cargo transport within province still remain as an important transport mode in the region.

6 Waterways transport and international trade The volume of container cargo handled in Phnom Penh Port has been increasing since 2002, when a container line service between Phnom Penh Port and Ho Chi Minh City was put in operation.

7 Dr. TRAN Dac Suu Director-General, Vietnam Inland Waterways Director-General, Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration (VIWA) Administration (VIWA) “Support People's Lives” IWT is utilized fully for both passenger and cargo transportation in Vietnam. The superannuation of the port facilities becomes a problem because the investment in the improvement of the port facilities is not enough. The system of the North The system of the South

8 Vessel management VIETNAM INLAND WATERWAY ADMINISTRATION In the period of the number of river vessels increased dramatically Year Vessel

9 IW Transport capacity Inland waterway transport capacity is very high and has increased rapidly consistetly. inland waterway cargo transport capacity from 1995 t Mil Ton Year

10 Dr. LEE Sung-Woo Research Fellow, Port Research Department, Research Fellow, Port Research Department, Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) “Support The Development of The Region” Short shipping routes between Japan, Korea and China are fully utilized for their trade. They are important to stimulate the economy of the hinterland of their ports. China Japan Korea

11 Source: Korea International Trade Association, 2006 Present Situation of Korea/China/Japan Short Shipping Routes Korea JapanChina (1995) ,103 1,6481, (2004) 1,827 Unit: Thousand TEU Korea JapanChina (1995) (2005) 841 Unit: 10million ◈ Deepening Intra-trade in Northeast Asia

12 Mr. Yifei ZHAO Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China The Chang Jiang River is 5,800km in its length. IWT along the river has been extensively developed and utilized. T he Government endeavors maintenance works of the waterways and the vessel standardization in the Chang Jiang River to facilitate economic development of the areas along its river system. It is necessary to enlarge the ship size and the port facilities to economically use IWT for the future of the region. “Support the Development of the Region” The Chang Jiang River

13 The region covered by the Chang Jiang River

14 Freight Volume & Throughput of Chang Jiang River from 2001 to 2006 Volume of freight throughput

15 Scale of China River Freight in 2006

16 Mr. Mikio ISIWATARI Senior Adviser, Senior Adviser, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) IWT is utilized for tourism and for transport of emergency materials in case of disasters. Emergency Relief delivered by IWT Source : Kobe Port Promotion Association Connect People and the Region Route of emergency relief goods transportation Tokyo Earthquake Estimation of Damages Number of destruction of building : 850,000 Death toll: 11,000 Source :Cabinet Office, Government of Japan River Bureau, MLIT

3. IWT for Disaster Management Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Land Transportation damaged by Earthquake Source : Hanshin Expressway Management Technology Center Technology Center

18 Source : Hita city “Yakatabune” (Houseboat) in Mikuma River (in Hita City, Oita Prefecture) “Ukai” (Cormorant Fishing) in Mikuma River (in Hita City, Oita Prefecture) Traditional Culture 2. Today’s IWT in Japan “Benkou Ikada Nagashi” in Horikawa Canal in Horikawa Canal (in Nichinan City, Miyazaki Prefecture) Source: MLIT

19 Source : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Japan (MLIT) Water Bus Distribution Excursion Ship Leisure Boat Other Use form of river navigation in main river (Research in 2008) Distribution Water BusExcursion ShipLeisure BoatOther

20 Mr. Kazuo ITOU Chief Executive, Seaport and Airport Bureau, Chief Executive, Seaport and Airport Bureau, City of Kitakyushu City of Kitakyushu “Contribution to Recycling-Based Society” IWT as well as coastal shipping are utilized to transport waste materials and recycled materials among industrialized areas in Japan. This is a new concept of utilizing IWT and coastal shipping. Waste which is generated in the region flows in the region. Waste is recycled in the large area, entire Japan. LESS WASTE! Recycle ProductionConsumption Waste

21 Overcoming Environmental Problems 21 Severe industrial pollution in the 1960s Government, industry, academia, and the people cooperate to overcome pollution problems Smoke filled skies 【１９６０】 Polluted Dokai Bay 【１９６０】 Blue skies have returned 【 Now 】 Beauty returned to Dokai Bay 【 Now 】

22 Coastal Shipping of JAPAN Coastl Ferry Routes in JAPAN Coastal shipping is used to facilitate the environment-friendly distribution system in Japan.

23 The participants of this symposium recognize as follows. Thanks to the blessing function of water, IWT have been promoting regional development with relatively less energy consumption and with environmentally friendly manner. Further and safer operations of IWT should be sought out. In developing IWT systems, specific safeguards are required, such as standardization of vessels, maintenance dredging and provision of navigation aids, in order to utilize existing infrastructure. IWT has comparative advantages to transport waste materials for processing and recycling, tourists and emergency materials during disaster. Experiences of each regional IWT should be shared to each other to improve IWT operations in each region. Further collaboration in Asia and Pacific Region should be sought. Conclusion