1 Emerging Opportunities: Nano-Photonics & Information Technology Connie Chang-Hasnain EECS University of California, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 2

3 Source: Tingye Li and Herwig Kogelnik Bit Rate -Distance ( Gb/s km) Year  WHAT’S NEXT ?? WDM + Optical Amplifiers  Optical Amplifiers  Coherent Detection  1.5  m Single-Frequency Laser 1.3  m SM Fiber 0.8  m MM Fiber                Advances in Optical Communications Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing 10 7 Increase in Bit rate-Distance Product in 25 years

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 4 Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices  Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR Passive Devices  Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 5 Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices  Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR Passive Devices  Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous Nanoscale Material Synthesis Nanoscale Processing Integrated Optoelectronics

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 6 Tailorable Active Materials Greatly Enhanced or Suppressed Optical Gain Spontaneous Emission Optical Nonlinearities Density of States Energy (h ) Bulk Quantum Well Quantum WireQuantum Dot Yang, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 7 Active Material Synthesis Major Challenges Uniformity Control Size Control Placement Control Defect Reduction Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley Weber, Berkeley Dapkus, USC

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 8 Compact Integrated Optics: Photonic Crystals Making Passive Optics 1000 Times Smaller Zuzuki, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 9 Slow Light and Frozen Light Slow light demonstrated in atomic vapor at low temperature, 1999 We proposed all-optical buffers in ‘00. DARPA funded program in 2002 New BAA on Intelligent Optical Network coming out in March. Multiple stacked QD Signal slow down pump P. C. Ku, et.al. Electron. Lett Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 10 Bio-Photonics DARPA Centers U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Berkeley, Colorado State, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 11 Integration Monolithic Princeton University “If you can draw it, we can build it.” Vertical coupling of light via lateral tapers. Single growth step. Heterogeneous UC Berkeley Paste-and-Cut Approach Ion Cut Laser Lift-off 200  m InGaN LEDs on Si Cheung and Sands, Berkeley