THE FIRST HIGH-LEVEL BIOFUELS SEMINAR IN AFRICA 30 JULY – 1 AUGUST 2007, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA by AFRICAN UNION UNIDO JOHN AFARI-IDAN, An International Expert - Biogas Technology in Africa Team Leader, ARSCP Biofuel Task Team For Africa A joint activity of the African Union Commission, Brazilian Government and UNIDO. Presentation on Industrial Application of Biogas Technology in Africa

Feed Stocks  Industrial solid and liquid Wastes  Agricultural residues and manure  Municipal Solid Waste  Domestic and Commercial Liquid waste  Health Care Waste  Human wastes (normally considered as part of domestic waste generation in industry)

Sources of Feed Stocks (1) Restaurants and Hotels Tourist Areas Stadia Educational Institutions Police, Military and Prisons Barracks Municipal Sewage

Sources of Feed Stocks (2) Meat and Agro-processing Industries Abattoirs Fish and Animal Husbandry Real Estates

Conversion Technologies Broad Classification of Digester Types  Covered Lagoons  Balloon Plants  Fixed-Dome Plants  Floating Drums Design Characteristics  Continues Feed  Batch Feed

Digester Characteristics

The African Experience  Kenya  Lesotho  South Africa  Namibia  Sudan  Nigeria  Burundi  Rwanda  Botswana  Uganda  Ghana  Guinea

Integrated Approach - BTWAL the Ghanaian Experience Segregates hi-BOD process effluent at source Segregates degradable fractions of municipal solid wastes and solid process wastes at source Integrates all bio-wastes and sewage in the anaerobic digesters to maximize biogas production(Sewage providing the best substrate for the indigestion process) Recycles treated wastewater for less critical application, water conservation, liquid fertilizer production for periurban organic framing

The BTWAL Technology Components The Bio-digester (s) The Expansion Chambers Filtration Beds UV Water Treatment System Treated Effluent storage Biogas Recovery Balloon Biogas end-use accessories

A large scale application for an under-construction university in Ghana (15,000 student population)

Sections of the University Building under Construction

Completed biogas plant - Health-care Industry

Completed biogas plant Food Processing Industry THE BIOGAS PLANT AT THE NESTLE FACTORY, TEMA - GHANA

Biogas Use – Cooking at the Valley View University, Accra

BIOGAS ELECTRICITY GENERATOR at the Abattoir in Ferkessedougou, Ivory Coast 15KW BIOGAS GENERATOR POWER UNIT

REFRIDGERATION

Biogas Technology Opportunities Problems of current waste handing practices Increasing need of alternative energy sources to address energy security Potential for methane emissions reduction and climate mitigation technologies Sustainable use of nutrients and energy resources in waste materials

Potential Industrial Application of the BTWAL Approach Abattoir Food industry Health-care Industry Housing Industry Hospitality Industry Sewage Treatment Plant

The Abattoir

Hospital Industry

Housing Industry

Hospitality industry

Substitution of Waste Water Treatment

Substitution of raw Sewage disposal into wetlands and large marine (e.g. the sea) ecosystem

Substitution of Industrial Waste Treatment

Substitution of Septic Tanks in Real Estate Development

Substitution of Extended Aeration Plant

Municipal Solid Waste 65% of which is Biodegradable

Broken-Down Aerators (STP)

Cesspool Emptying

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS Meets the 3R Principles  Reduction of water use at source  Recovery of degradable organic fractions of solid waste  Recovery of residual energy in bio-waste for biogas generation  Recycle of 60% total water component of digester feed  Re-use the energy resources

DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS Avoid Cost of Constructing Septic Tank for new projects Reduce cost of transportation to landfills Reduce portable water use at source from cistern modification Recycle and Reuse treated wastewater for: WCs re-flushing Irrigation and land scaping Equivalent LPG of Biogas for cooking and refrigeration of essential drugs

Environment, Health and Sanitation Benefits Avoidance of odour nuisance from Septic Emptying and off-site transportation Elimination of seasonal overflows of septic tanks Avoidance of off-site dumping of Hi-BOD load sewage in ecosystems Recovery of residual energy resource in sewage for energy security Water conservation for water security Contribute to meeting MDG goals for poverty reduction

Barriers to Industrial Applications Technical Human Resource Financial Communication

PLAN OF ACTION FOR PENETRATION OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION  Communication and Awareness creation  Institutional Framework and capacity building  Technical Capacity Building Design and construction Large Scale pre-Casting of modular digesters  Knowledge Networking and Transfer  Financial Resource Mobilization  Patenting and Intellectual Property Right  Demonstration Projects for integrated waste treatment with Biogas Power generation

THANK YOU M ERCI