What is imperialism and how does it fit the US in the late 1800s?

Bell Work: Read through the 2 scenarios below and decide what action the US should take. A small island nation near the US has been under the control of a European nation for the last 100 years. The islanders want their freedom and rebel against the European nation in control of them. The islanders are brutally defeated. Their leaders are exiled and supporters placed in work camps. The people living on the island have no hope of winning their independence. They do not have enough people to fight or the kinds of weapons that will match the technology of their European overlords. Should the US help the islanders fight or not? What would you want our country to do and why? A second island off the coast of the US has never been under the control of an outside nation. However, European nations have begun to trade heavily with them. The US sugar industry is interested in expanding on this island since their climate is perfect and their profit would become enormous. It would also help to keep European sugar industries from the island. The islanders want to stay independent. The US government is calling for the US to take control of the island nation’s government and build a military base there to protect the US from powerful nations in Europe and Asia, this is an idea that is strongly supported by the US sugar industry. Should the US take control of this island nation or not? What would you want our country to do and why?

Vocabulary Imperialism: A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Isolationism: A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. Annexation: When one country decides to take over another country and other nations in the world recognize the union. That second country doesn’t have to agree that it should be annexed, for it to be annexed. Nationalism: An extreme sense of pride in ones own country, to the point where a person feels they are superior to other nations and countries. Foreign Policy: how the US interacts with other nations.

Why Imperialism? Profit Power and Prestige (big dog syndrome) New markets to sell goods New source of raw materials Power and Prestige (big dog syndrome) Shows other nation’s that you are a ‘Big Deal’ Bigger = Better and stronger AKA don’t mess with us “The sun never sets on the British Empire” A belief that you’re superior (nationalism) Other nations should have the same government, religion, language, and customs that you do. Basically they should be just like you. Sound familiar? What are some pros and cons with this line of thought?

How does this theme fit the US in late 1800s? US is expanding at home why not compete on the world stage? Industrial Revolution Increased population through immigration Westward expansion (manifest destiny) “Big Dog” syndrome We want to out-compete Europe Britain v. Germany v. US = race to see who can acquire the most territory “Small states are of the past and have no future… The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense, all the waste places of the earth. It is a movement which makes for civilization and the advancement of the race. As one of the great nations of the world, the United States must not fall out of the line of march.” - Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Massachusetts

LIE Caption 1: “Patient waiters are no losers” Caption 2: “ I ain’t in no hurry, it’ll drop into my basket when it gets ripe!”

Directions Read through the poems in the packet and analyze their meaning. What did Kipling mean by the “White Man’s Burden” and how does it connect to imperialism? How do the anti-imperialism poems respond to Kipling? Each poem has a different perspective. Which poem do you agree with most and why? (3 examples)

Historical Examples of US Imperialism

Bell Work Please take out your “Poem Questions” sheet and show it to Mrs. V You will have earned points just for completing the assignment on time. We will then discuss your analysis of the poems Agenda Poems Quotes Text Assignment

“The White Man’s Burden” – Rudyard Kipling Who is doing the work What are they doing? Who ‘benefits’? The White Man Trying to ‘help’ the other races providing care. Feeding the famished Taking care of the sick ports and roads to make non whites more ‘civilized’ - Other countries/races How do those ‘benefitting’ Respond: - Start wars, judge you, sullen, lazy foolish they are going to ruin it

Bell Work: the quotes below connect with US Foreign policy in the late 1800s, what messages do they send to those that live in the US and those that live outside of our boarders? “ A new consciousness seems to have come upon us – the consciousness of strength – and with it a new appetite, the yearning to show our strength…. Ambition, interest, land hunger, pride, the mere joy of fighting, whatever it may be, we are animated by a new sensation. We are face to face with a strange destiny. The taste of Empire is in the mouth of the people even as the taste of blood in the jungle. It means an Imperial policy, the Republic, reawakened, taking her place with the armed nations.” - Washington Post, June 1896 “Having …. No foreign establishments, either colonial or military, the ship of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own shores. To provide resting-places for them, where they can repair, would be one of the first duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of the nation at sea.” Alfred Thayer Mahan, Professor of the US Naval War College, 1890s

Read through the 2 examples of US foreign policy and compare and contrast US action in Hawaii and China. Hawaii pgs 599-601; China pgs 602-604 Questions Briefly describe US actions in Hawaii and China. What were our motivations for being involved in Hawaii? In China? Nationalism? Profit? Big Dog syndrome? Why are our actions in China so very different from how we behaved in Hawaii? How did the Chinese and Hawaiians respond to Imperialism? How did Japan become a world power in the 1890s and how did the US respond? Define: Spheres of influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Identify Henry Cabot Lodge Kalakaua Liliuokalani Sanford B. Dole John Hay Matthew Perry

Spanish American War -Sinking of the Maine What sank the Maine?

Bell Work Please take out your text assignment from yesterday regarding US Imperialism in Hawaii and China. We are going to correct this in class and then hand it in for credit.

Missionaries convert to xnty and sugar plantations 1870 US has control of most of the island to grow sugar Tariff exemption for Hawaiian sugar When the exemption expires we ask for pearl harbor to extend – Kalakaua refuses US sugar plantation owners force Kalakaua to sign Bayonet Constitution L wants Hawaii to be independent – sugar plantation owners rebel – us sends in military to support rebels Annexed in 1898 – becomes a state in 1959

Search for Missing Bride Continues Directions: How do the headlines below differ? How would a reader respond to each? Search for Missing Bride Continues Bride Missing! Groom’s Family Blame History of Mental Illness What does each headline imply? Looking at the titles, which would you want to read first? Which do you think would have the most reliable story? Why would different newspapers choose to represent the same event so differently?

Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine, Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898 Cuba held by Spain Cubans Rebel Spain crushes rebellion and places rebels in camps Should the US get involved? Disgust at Spain’s treatment of rebels (work camps) Yellow Journalism: newspapers in the US write sensational/embelli shed stories that increase sympathy US has business interests in Cuba P. McKinley sends the Maine to Cuba Maine explodes Feb. 15th 1898 leaving us to ask... Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine, Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898 What Sunk the Maine??

Awake United States! Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the Maine on February 16, 1898 and the declaration of war on April 25, 1898. Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! How proudly sailed the warship Maine, a Nation’s pride, without a stain! A wreck she lies, her sailors slain. By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain! Eagle soar on high, And sound the battle cry Wave the starry flag! In mud it shall not drag! According to this song, what sunk the Maine? Does this prove the Spanish blew it up?

Bell Work Using info we went over yesterday, tell me what are the 4 main reasons for the Spanish American War? Do you think the US should have gone to war?

Directions What Sunk The Maine? – 20 minutes Class Discussion Read through both articles and answer the questions for each Journal v. Times February 15, 1898 Class Discussion Do you know what happened to the Maine? Evidence? Can you find an example where SOLID evidence was used? Do you think these articles would have been received differently by their readers in 1898? How so? What effect might the Journal have had on its readers? What about the Times? How significant do you think the Maine explosion was to the American people at this time? Why?

Outcome of the Spanish American War (April 1898-July 1898) Casualties 5,400 dead – 400 in battle and 5000 from disease or food poisoning Spain surrenders Gives up control of Cuba Cedes Guam and Puerto Rico to the US US buys the Philippines for $20 mil … wait a minute. Do you see hypocrisy here?

Assignment In 2 well constructed paragraphs, please discuss which account is more believable and why. First Paragraph: compare the evidence used by both papers to support their claims that the Maine was blown up by attack or by unknown causes. Which uses stronger evidence? Use at least THREE specific examples/phrases/words from the articles to support your position. Second: tell me if this difference in accounts matters? Why or Why not? Use at least THREE reasons to support your argument.

Debate: Should the US Annex the Philippines? Cartoon Analysis Activity

Bell Work: LIE

Bell Work Please grab a Semester Final Study Guide and a “Philippine Island Annexation Debate” packet from the side table

The Philippines

Directions Work and prep time Debate tomorrow 4 Areas for Points: 35 total Introduce yourself (5) Discredit your opponent’s argument (10) Argue your point (10) You must write out these sections and hand them in for full credit Answer my questions (10) Debate tomorrow

Bell Work Make sure your materials are ready for today’s debate We will begin 5 mins after class starts…

Teddy Roosevelt and Latin America The Panama Canal

Bell Work What are the 5 reasons from the debate yesterday for: annexing the Philippines and the 5 for NOT annexing the Philippines? 4-4th hr and 6th

Pro Annexation v. Anti Annexation

The War in the Philippines – 1899-1902 Philippine Rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo Hundreds of thousands of Filipinos and 4,000 Americans are dead US ‘grants’ them independence in 1946

Text Assignment Pgs 612-616 and worksheet Due tomorrow

Imperialism’s effect today Puerto Rico and other US commonwealths

Bell Work On December 5, 2012 Puerto Rico asked its people if they wanted to become the 51st state in the US. 61% of voters (about 800,000+) said yes while 39% said no. Puerto Rico was annexed in the late 1800s as part of US imperialism and becoming a state is an option open to them. Puerto Rico today is a commonwealth of the US meaning that Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but they cannot vote for president. Puerto Rico is subject to U.S. federal laws, but they are exempt from some federal taxes. Puerto Rico has a representative in Congress, but they aren’t allowed to vote.