Chapter 1: The Historical Jesus The Historical Jesus The Historical Jesus

Homework (due Weds., 2/13) Read pp ; RQs, p 27(due Weds., 2/13) Read pp ; RQs, p 27 (due Thurs., 2/14) “Primary Source Analysis” worksheet (complete Review and Reflection sections)(due Thurs., 2/14) “Primary Source Analysis” worksheet (complete Review and Reflection sections) (due Fri., 2/15) QUIZ on “Case for Christ” worksheet(due Fri., 2/15) QUIZ on “Case for Christ” worksheet (due Weds., 3/13) Read pp ; RQs p. 34 & view VT lecture: The Scriptures & Jesus(due Weds., 3/13) Read pp ; RQs p. 34 & view VT lecture: The Scriptures & Jesus

Homework (due Mon., 3/18) Watch 3 of any remaining segments of The Lost Gospels and write 1 pg:(due Mon., 3/18) Watch 3 of any remaining segments of The Lost Gospels and write 1 pg:The Lost GospelsThe Lost Gospels –What about this issue is controversial? Why? –Do these gospels meet the 3 criteria for “canonicity” (see p. 34, RQ # 8) –What sayings/teachings were contrary to the 4 canonical Gospels? –Are these gospels authentic? Why/not?

Homework (due Tues., 3/19) Read pp ; RQs, p. 39(due Tues., 3/19) Read pp ; RQs, p. 39 (due Weds., 3/20) Read pp ; RQs, p. 48(due Weds., 3/20) Read pp ; RQs, p. 48 (due., /) Read p. 38 on Lectio Divina, and list & explain (briefly) the steps.(due., /) Read p. 38 on Lectio Divina, and list & explain (briefly) the steps.

Homework (due Thurs., 3/21) Review:(due Thurs., 3/21) Review: –Chapter 1 RQs & PPt notes –“Chap. Summary Points”, p. 49 (Mon., 3/25) TEST on Chapter 1(Mon., 3/25) TEST on Chapter 1

Did Jesus exist? Biblical and “extra- biblical” evidenceBiblical and “extra- biblical” evidence 4 non-Christian historians mention Jesus:4 non-Christian historians mention Jesus: –Tacitus –Suetonius –Pliny the Younger –Josephus Flavius

Presenters must cover: Basic indentificationBasic indentification Source of writingSource of writing Details re: Jesus/ChristiansDetails re: Jesus/Christians Other important infoOther important info Reflect: What does ___ say that is important to our knowledge of the “historical” Jesus?Reflect: What does ___ say that is important to our knowledge of the “historical” Jesus?

“Testament”? = pact, agreement, covenant OT made thru Moses > Jews NT “ “ Jesus > All Peoples

Bible divided into:

Old Testament

Bible divided into: Old Testament New Testament

O.T. divided into: NT (27) OT

O.T. divided into: NT (27) Torah (5) OT

O.T. divided into: NT (27) Torah (5) OT Historical (18)

O.T. divided into: NT (27) Torah (5) OT Historical (18) Prophetic (16)

O.T. divided into: NT (27) Torah (5) OT Historical (18) (46) Prophetic (16) Wisdom (7)

N.T. divided into: NT OT

N.T. divided into: Gospels (4) NT OT

N.T. divided into: Gospels (4) Acts (1) NT OT

N.T. divided into: Gospels (4) Acts (1) NT Letters (21) OT

N.T. divided into: Gospels (4) Acts (1) NT Letters (21) (27) Revelation (1) OT

Complete Structure of Bible Gospels (4) Acts (1) NT Letters (21) (27) Revelation (1) Torah (5) OT Historical (18) (46) Prophetic (16) Wisdom (7)

Deutero-canonical books Deutero-canonical Books = 7 Books accepted by Catholic Church…Why? from Alexandrian Canon The AC based on Septuagint, Greek OT Jesus & apostles knew, read & accepted Septuagint. These books not found in versions of Bible based on older Hebrew canon

Deutero-canonical books 1.Tobit 2.Judith 3.Wisdom 4.Sirach 5.Baruch 6.1 Maccabees 7.2 Maccabees (also parts of Esther & Daniel)

Biblical Inspiration defined: Principle Author= God (Holy Spirit) H. Sp. guided human authors to write, in their own style, words, etc. the truth He was revealing to them See Pope Leo XIII quote from Providentissimus Deus How?

Bible on Inspiration Bible on Inspiration In OT: Isaiah 8:1 Wisdom 7:15 In NT: 2 Peter 1: 20-21

Theories of Inspiration Divine DictationWriter = robot Negative AssistanceSpirit = watchdog Positive AssistanceSpirit & writer =team

Tradition on Inspiration Early Church Fathers (writers in period after NT times) Official Church pronouncements throughout history

Extent of Inspiration Pope Leo XIII in P.D.: Bible in all its parts is inspired (not just “faith & morals”) Whole Bible= Word of God… but… Inspired truth not= literal truth

“Inerrancy” of Scripture Scientific errors? Creation/evolution Historical errors? –Dates Since it is inspired, the Bible is free from error in matters of salvation, that is, our eternal relationship with God

Bible Interpretation Final interpreter= Teaching Authority of Church (Magisterium). Why? Christ promised that the Holy Spirit would guide the Church

Canon of the Bible Canon= official list of inspired books of the Bible Canonicity= issue of how books are determined as canonical

Canon of the Bible When? 393 A.D. Council of Hippo (other Councils affirmed same) Which? OT= 46 NT= 27 Bible= 73

Canon of the Bible Who ? Church authority, given by Christ, inspired by H.Sp. Why? 1.Apostolic origin 2.Widespread acceptance 3.Conformity to the “rule of faith”

Non-Canonical Gospels?? Writings about Jesus NOT included in the canon of Scripture (see p. 34, green box!)

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?800 documents— mostly fragments; 200 biblical

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?800 documents— mostly fragments; 200 biblical When were they found?

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?800 documents— mostly fragments; 200 biblical When were they found? Between 1947 and 1956

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?800 documents— mostly fragments; 200 biblical When were they found? Between 1947 and 1956 Where were they found? 11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea)

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?800 documents— mostly fragments; 200 biblical When were they found? Between 1947 and 1956 Where were they found? 11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea) Why are they important?

Dead Sea Scrolls What was found?800 documents— mostly fragments; 200 biblical When were they found? Between 1947 and 1956 Where were they found? 11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea) Why are they important? Closer to originals by 1,000 yrs., giving clearer picture of biblical times

Council of Blakefield: What info was controversial/erroneous?What info was controversial/erroneous? Which “canon-criteria” were/were not met?Which “canon-criteria” were/were not met? What sayings/teachings were contrary to the 4 canonical Gospels?What sayings/teachings were contrary to the 4 canonical Gospels?

Formation of the Gospels Stage 1: Public Life and Teaching of JesusStage 1: Public Life and Teaching of Jesus Stage 2: Oral TraditionStage 2: Oral Tradition Stage 3: New Testament WritingsStage 3: New Testament Writings

What is the “Gospel”? “Gospel” means “good news”“Gospel” means “good news” –Old English = “godspell” –Greek = “euangelion” Simply, term used by Paul to refer to his message: the “good news” of and about Jesus the ChristSimply, term used by Paul to refer to his message: the “good news” of and about Jesus the Christ

What is the “Gospel”? Though there are four “gospels,” there is really one:Though there are four “gospels,” there is really one: The Good News of Jesus Christ…The Good News of Jesus Christ…

Birth of the Gospels: Kerygma The kerygma was the original good news preached by the Apostles…The kerygma was the original good news preached by the Apostles… That Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, was buried and rose from the dead, giving us unending LifeThat Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, was buried and rose from the dead, giving us unending Life

Why was NT written? End of world not immanent (close)End of world not immanent (close) Distortions in message were beginning to occurDistortions in message were beginning to occur Further teaching was needed– deeper, more details, etc.Further teaching was needed– deeper, more details, etc.

Interpreting the NT Lectio Divina:Lectio Divina: –“sacred reading” –Deep, personal –“Praying the Scriptures” Historical-critical approach:Historical-critical approach: –Looking carefully at texts in their historical & literary contexts

Interpreting the NT 3 Rules of Catholic interpretation:3 Rules of Catholic interpretation: 1.Content & unity of whole Scripture 2.w/in living Tradition of Church 3.Attention to “analogy of faith,” ie. how truths of faith fit together as a whole

Critical Methods 1.Source Criticism 2.Historical Criticism 3.Form Criticism 4.Redaction Criticism 5.Textual Criticism

Groups will: 1.Define the method 2.Explain it thoroughly, using important info from RQs, etc. 3.Apply the method to a certain Scripture passage

Lectio Divina Lectio (slow, attentive readingLectio (slow, attentive reading Meditatio (thinking, reflecting on textMeditatio (thinking, reflecting on text Oratio ( thoughts > conversation w/ God)Oratio ( thoughts > conversation w/ God) Contemplatio ( words> silence… )Contemplatio ( words> silence… ) [Resolution: decide to act on your lectio][Resolution: decide to act on your lectio]