Transportation & Sustainability: Options & Opportunity

“focused on reducing transportation related emissions in NC counties that have air quality concerns” Funded by the N.C. Department of Transportation with Congestion Mitigation Air Quality Funds. 2 Clean Fuel Advanced Technology

3 NC Air Quality & Health

4 24 counties do not meet national air quality standards for ozone.

42% of the nation lives where pollution levels are dangerous 5 Ozone & Particulates can lead to: Asthma Attacks Chest pain Wheezing and coughing Shortness of breath Inflammation of lungs

6 National Trends in Clean Transportation

Supply Exists, but harder to get Many nations historically unfriendly to US We often import more than we produce 7 Average US household spent close to $3,000 on gasoline in 2012 US Energy Information Administration Average US household spent close to $3,000 on gasoline in 2012 US Energy Information Administration Deman d Growing and industrializing world

8 fuel-efficiency (Infrographic by Sarah Gerrity)

diesel fuel converted to Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)  Cleaner-burning  97% less sulfur than Low-Sulfur Diesel “Clean” Engine phase- in for heavy duty trucks Lowered NOx 96% & PM 90% compared to 1994 Increased cost of conventional vehicles 9 Heavy Duty Diesel Emissions

10 Clean Transportation Solutions - Overview

There is no silver bullet! Efficiency Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Reduction Programs Idle Reduction Alternative fuels Advanced technology vehicles

Get more out of what you use: Eco Driving Vehicle maintenance Lower speeds and slower accelerations Overdrive gears and cruise control Remove excess weight “Right size” vehicle Eliminate unnecessary idling For every 5 mph over 60, your fuel efficiency decreases by 7%

Reduce Use: Combine or avoid trips Carpool Adjust routes Use Alternative modes - public transit, walk, bike

Idling is:  Expensive  $20 billion per year in US  Often restricted  Pollutes Idle reduction can be cheap and quick

Clean Transportation Technologies Fuels & Vehicles

Benefits of Fuel: Decreased emissions of NOx Reduced fuel costs Low carbon density Excellent choice for: Refuse Transit Delivery High mileage fleet applications

 Dedicated & Bi-fuel options  Soon on state contract  Models from Ford, Honda, GM, Cummins Westport  Warranties on many EPA certified up-fits  NC Clean Transportation Technology Industry Directory

Benefits of Fuel: Decreased emissions of NOx Lower cost fuel, fueling and conversion No loss of performance Excellent choice for: First responders Para-transit

Dedicated & Bi-fuel options Soon on state contract Models from Freightliner, Thomas Built, Roush (Ford) & Bluebird Warranties on many EPA certified up-fits NC Clean Transportation Technology Industry Directory

Benefits of Fuel: Decreased emissions Non-toxic and safe Often higher cost fuel No conversion required Excellent choice for: Existing vehicles Local economy 20

Benefits of fuel: Decreased emissions Can be low-cost Lower energy density No conversion required Excellent choice for: Existing vehicles Local economy More than 95% of U.S. gasoline contains up to 10% ethanol – US Dept. of Energy Flex fuel vehicles are often identified by this logo.

22 For annual list of FFVs visit OR Search.jsp?keep=1&tabView=0 Search.jsp?keep=1&tabView=0 Audi A4 quattro Audi A5 Cabriolet quattro Audi A5 quattro Audi Q5 Bentley Continental Bentley Flying Spur Buick Lacrosse Cadillac Escalade Chevrolet Captiva Chevrolet Equinox Chevrolet Express 1500 Chevrolet Impala Chevrolet Silverado Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe Chrysler 200 Chrysler 300 Dodge Avenger Dodge Charger Dodge Durango Dodge Grand Caravan Dodge Journey Ford E150 Ford E250 Ford Expedition Ford Explorer Ford Focus Ford Taurus GMC Savana GMC Sierra GMC Terrain GMC Yukon Denali GMC Yukon Jaguar XF Jaguar XJ Jaguar XJL Jeep Grand Cherokee Land Rover Range Rover Lincoln Navigator Mercedes –Benz C300 Mercedes-Benz E350 Mercedes-Benz ML350 Nissan Armada Nissan Titan Ram 1500 Ram C/V Toyota Sequoia Toyota Tundra Volkswagen Routan

Option 1: Powered by an internal combustion engine and an electric motor that uses energy stored in a battery but, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Battery is charged by regenerative braking Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) Battery is charged by plugging into power source. Option 2: Powered by an electric motor that uses energy stored in a battery All-Electric Vehicles (EV or PEV) Battery is charged by plugging into power source Benefits to fuel: Potential for zero emissions $0.50 to $0.70 per gallon equivalent Public recharging stations increasingly available

Lithium-ion battery pack & electric motor mile all-electric range Plug into a 120V or 240V outlet models include: Cadillac ELR Chevy Volt Ford C-MAX Energi Ford Fusion Energi Honda Accord Toyota Prius Plug In Chevy Volt all electric, 40mi range standard gas engine 38 mpg Currently best selling PHEV (Sept ‘13) C-Max Energi all electric, 75mi range gas and electric, 600mi range

Ford Focus Electric all-electric, 76 mi range Nissan Leaf all-electric, mi range Up to $7,500 federal tax credit for electric vehicles!

26 NC Economic Development

Clean Transportation & NC Economy

Resources and Next Steps

State Level NC Solar Center N.C. Dept of Transportation Local/Regional Level Triangle Clean Cities Coalition (Raleigh-Durham) Centralina Clean Fuels Coalition (Charlotte) Land of Sky Clean Vehicles Coalition (Asheville)

+Fuel+Economy/Fuel+economy+and+environment+label EPA’s Green Vehicle Guide DOE’s Fuel Economy Guides New vehicle stickers

October 22-24,2014 Southeast Alternative Fuels Conference & Expo Raleigh Convention Center Raleigh NC Website : SAVE THE DATES!