Feeding the Cellulosic Biorefinery with Woody Biomass: Feedstock Supply and Logistics Jim Dooley Forest Concepts, LLC

Corn Ethanol Fagen Engineering

Corn Ethanol Fagen Engineering Chemical Pulp Weyerhaeuser Company

300 Million Tons Woody Biomass 30 Billion gallons ethanol per year (100 gal/ton) 1.5 million green tons per day 60,000 truckloads per day from woods to refinery 300 truckloads per day if 200 biorefineries Each biorefinery would process 5,000 tons per day Produce 500,000 gallons ethanol per day TODAY: 123 Chemical Pulp Mills in US Use 56 million tons of wood Large modern pulp mill uses 4,700 tons per day Where are you going to site the next 200? Where are you going to site the next 200?

Woody Biomass Sources Urban Greenwood Urban C&D Landclearing – homes, commercial, roads… Forest fire prevention and health Forest residuals – logging, mill waste Non-industrial forest harvest Industrial Forestry Energy Plantations

Forest Lands of United States

Feedstock Situation Supply is abundant, BUT…. Costs and competing uses are issues No national standards or specifications exist Ad hoc criteria for each mill State what is not acceptable Vs. what is preferred with market incentives

A Different Paradigm Industrial Biomass Feedstock Supply Industry Separate dirty and clean end of facilities Based on well defined commodity feedstocks Packaged appropriately for users Transported via conventional rail, barge, truck

Contact: Forest Concepts, LLC 3320 W. Valley Hwy. N., Ste D110 Auburn, WA Ph:

Attitude (Framing) Scavenged Forest Residuals vs. Value-Added Co-products Forest Concepts

Smallwood Utilization – Markets Products in YELLOW are currently produced / sold by Forest Concepts Christmas trees – natural look Mine props Firewood Posts and Poles Furniture Poles Log Home & Trail Railings ProjectPoles TM Cabin Logs Utility Poles Pilings Biomass Energy Fuel Pulp & Paper Chips Landscape Mulch Compost Veneer blocks Craft, Promotional & Gift Items ELWd ® Bioengineering Structures Rough Sawn Lumber & Timbers Planed, Dried & Graded Lumber Pallet lumber Veneer pallet stacking sheets Shavings for Animal Bedding Sawdust & Granules for Bedding Wood Excelsior – Packaging Wood Excelsior – Erosion Control Wood Strand – Erosion Control OSB / Engineered Wood Panels Wood Energy Pellets Cement-Wood Composite RTA Fencing Kits RTA Landscape Products RTA Roundwood Structures Flooring – T&G boards Character Wood Boards & Molding 34 Markets

Current Situation – Timber Towns Big, Benevolent, Dominant Corporate Entity is Gone from the Scene Land Base is Stable Timber is Still Growing Landowners Need Income Residents Still Want Forest-Related Careers Public Policy and Markets are Encouraging Stronger Forest Stewardship Ethic Public Policy Encouraging Watershed, Wildlife and Water Quality Improvement Programs Communities Moving Beyond Woe be Me Stage Forest Concepts, LLC

Gap Analysis Local Forest Landowners Lack Customers for Wood Inefficient Forest Products Market Need Revenue from Management Operations High Costs for Small Units & Selective Harvest Gaps Adequate return to landowner Marketing & Logistics Forest Operations Contractors Product Specifications Long-term customers Forest Concepts, LLC Public Policy Forest Stewardship Fuel Reduction Thinning Increased Recreational Use Rural Community Revitalization Urban waste/landfill Control Bio-based Products Renewable Energy

Enclave Concept vs. Industrial Complex Cohesive Group Cohesive Group Cooperative & Co-dependent Enterprises Cooperative & Co-dependent Enterprises Distinct Culture Sustainable Forestry & Natural Resource Ethic Market-based Solutions to Sustainability Smallwood Competent Within Larger Social System Established Infrastructure, Markets Traditional Communities & Governments Local, Regional and National Public Policies Forest Concepts

Ecosystem Restoration Worldviews Recreate closest approximation to historic condition Recreate closest approximation to historic condition Then allow natural processes Then allow natural processes Manage in perpetuity to preserve condition Manage in perpetuity to preserve condition Intervene to stop un-natural processes Intervene to stop un-natural processes Allow natural processes to continue Allow natural processes to continue Enhance ecosystem with modest efforts Enhance ecosystem with modest efforts Provide bridging solutions to jump-start natural processes Provide bridging solutions to jump-start natural processes Exclude all human-related activity and let Nature take its course Exclude all human-related activity and let Nature take its course Forest Concepts, LLC