Citizens, Society and the State The demographics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland By: John Anderson

The United Kingdom

Culture of the United Kingdom

History

Major Cities London – 9.8 m Manchester – 2.7 m W. Midlands – 2.7 m W. Yorkshire – 2.2 m Liverpool – 864 k

Nations England: 53.0 m (83.9%) Scotland: 5.3 m (8.4%) Wales: 3.1 m (4.8%) N. Ireland: 1.8 m (2.9%)

Political Map Conservatives won most recent election, with David Cameron current Prime Minister Key: Conservatives = Blue Liberal Democrats = Orange Labor = Red

Geography Scottish Highlands visible Wales also mountainous England quite arable & flat relative to rest of Britain

Public Spending

Obesity Rates

Societal Cleavages Differences between the people of a state Ethnicity Religion Class Region Urban/rural Gender

Ethnicity of England British whites – 79.8% Irish/Gypsy – 1.1% Other whites – 4.6% Asian (mostly non-Oriental) – 7.8% Black (Caribbean) – 1.1% Black (African) – 1.8% Arab – 0.4% Mixed – 2.0%

Ethnicity of Wales British white – 93.2% Irish/Gypsy - .6% Other whites – 1.8% Asian (mostly non-Oriental) – 2.3% Black (Caribbean) - .4% Black (African) - .1% Arab - .3% Mixed – 1.0%

Ethnicity of Northern Ireland British white – 98.2% Gypsy - .1% Asian (mostly non-Oriental) – 1.1% Black - .2% Arab – Negligible Mixed - .3%

Religion in the United Kingdom

Religion Source: British Social Attitudes Survey

Class Historically, the estates class system was in place, with nobles, clergy, and commoners Post-WWII considerable, gradual shift Seven distinct classes: Elite Established Middle Technical Middle New Affluent Traditional Working Emergent Service Sector Precariat

Wealth Gap UK GINI coefficient is ~32 US GINI coefficient is ~40

Region 4 nations 74% of people from Wales identify as Welsh Scottish people are largely identified by accent and language Northern Irish identify as 1) 35% British 2) 32% Irish 3) 27% Northern Irish 4) 6% Other (Ulster)

Urban/Rural Urban: 79.6% (49.3 million) Rural: 20.4% (12.6 million) http://www.geohive.com/earth/pop_urban. aspx

Gender Males: 31.029 m (49.11%) Females: 32.153 m (50.89%) Other: Negligible

Civil Society 900,000 civil society organizations Highly advanced democracy, similar to United States. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHg5SJY RHA0

Interest Groups Pluralist interest group system Biggest ones are Greenpeace Virgin Climate Change ISA The Electoral Reform Society The Democracy Movement STAND

Interest Group System/Social Capital Weak party loyalty increases power of interest groups Parliamentary systems in general are more adherent to party platform, UK included

Media is state-owned Private competitors are and plc 3.75 hours TV & 2.81 hours radio each day Newspapers divided into broadsheets and tabloids

Television Channels & Radio 5 channels – BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4 & Channel 5 are transmitted for free Cable is provided by Virgin Media BBC dominates radio

Political Participation Voting in national election: 65.1% Discusses politics: 46% Political party activity: 3% Interest Group participation: 7% Petition signing: 81% Lawful Protest: 13%

Voting Trends and Rates

Voting Trends and Rates

Voting Trends and Rates

Voting Trends and Rates

Social Movements Britain has spearheaded many movements, including the anti-slavery movement “New” social movements emerged post-WWII