Exam I Study Guide

Explain Parfocal Inversion Summarize the procedure for preparing a wet mount slide

Questions What is the function of tendons and ligaments? Name the enzyme that breaks down ATP during a muscle contraction. What is the function of red bone marrow? What is the chemical composition of the yellow bone marrow?

a) A eukaryotic animal cell has a large Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Nucleus Label Edit Figure 3.1a Eukaryotes versus prokaryotes. a) A eukaryotic animal cell has a large nucleus and numerous small organelles. The cytoplasm is enclosed by a flexible plasma membrane.

Question Identify and label three structures of the animal cells

Question What appearance will red blood cells have when they are placed in the following solutions? Explain your answer in detail. Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic

Label Edit Figure 3.13b The effect of extracellular fluid tonicity on cell volume. 8

Coxal bones and sacrum (pelvis) Pubic symphysis Femur (upper leg) Figure 5.12 Coxal bones and sacrum (pelvis) Pubic symphysis Femur (upper leg) Patella (knee cap) Tibia Figure 5.12 Bones of the pelvic girdle and the left leg and foot. Lower leg Fibula 7 Tarsals (ankle) 5 Metatarsals (foot) 14 Phalanges (toe bones) 9

Identify these bones.

Identify the microscope parts.

Identify all the components of a long bone.

Spongy bone (spaces contain red bone marrow) Epiphysis Compact bone Yellow bone marrow Blood vessel Diaphysis Periosteum Central cavity (contains yellow bone marrow) Epiphysis a) A partial cut through a long bone. Figure 5.1a

Question Why do bone injuries heal faster than injuries to cartilage?

Identify the following muscles.

Figure 6.1a Pectoralis major Draws arm forward and toward the body Biceps brachii Bends forearm at elbow Rectus abdominus Compresses abdomen Bends backbone Compresses chest cavity Figure 6.1a

Figure 6.1b Deltoid Raises arm Trapezius Lifts shoulder blade Braces shoulder Draws head back Triceps brachi Straightens forearm at elbow Latissimus dorsi Rotates and draws arm backward and toward body Gluteus maximus Extends thigh Rotates thigh laterally Gastrocnemius Bends lower leg at knee Bends foot away from Figure 6.1b

Name and identify the kissing and blinking muscles.

Question What are the two divisions of the skeletal System? Name four bones from each division.

Figure 5.5 Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Cranium (skull) Maxilla Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Ribs Humerus Vertebrae Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Sacrum Phalanges Coxal bone Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Figure 5.5

Osteon:

Osteons The Osteon: label the osteocytes, lamellea, lacuna and canaliculi. Why is the central canal larger compared to the other components of bone tissue? Describe the appearance of the canaliculi and give their function.

Question Describe how an osteocyte located near a central canal can pass nutrients to osteocytes located far from the central canal.

Identify the following structures Sarcomere Motor neuron Sarcoplasmic reticulum T-tubules Actin and myosin

True ribs= 7 False ribs= e floating = 2 Clavicle Manubrium C7 T1 1 2 Sternum (breastbone) 3 4 Xiphoid process Figure 5.10 Ribs. True Ribs 5 6 T11 False ribs 7 T12 8 9 L1 12 10 L2 11 Floating ribs 30

Identify all the bones

14 Phalanges (finger bones) Figure 5.11 Clavicle (collar bone) Pectoral girdle Scapula (shoulder blade) Humerus (upper arm) Ulna Forearm Figure 5.11 Bones of the right side of the pectoral girdle and the right arm and hand. Radius 8 Carpals (wrist) 5 Metacarpals (hand) 14 Phalanges (finger bones) 32

Identify all the bones.

Temporal bone Parietal bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Occipital bone Mandible External auditory meatus Maxilla Zygomatic bone Palatine bone Sphenoid bone Vomer bone Foramen magnum Occipital bone Figure 5.6

Identify the bones of the face and skull

Questions Each arm consists of humerus, ulna and radius. What joint connects these three bones? How many bones are in your body? How many bones are in your left hand?

Question: Identify the male and female coxal bones Question: Identify the male and female coxal bones? Identify the region of the coxal bones. Figure 5.13 The pelvis. 1. 2. 37

Lumbar Vertebrae(5)

Identify the following vertebrae

Types of bones 1. humerus 2. patella 3. coxal 4. scapula

Identify the vertebrae 1.____________ 2.____________