T175 B Networked Living: Exploring Information and Communication Technologies First Meeting

Block 3 ENTERTAINMENT AND INFORMATION Part 3 computer Activities 2T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: 2.1 What is a spreadsheet? A spreadsheet is a program which allows you to enter, manipulate and display data, including numbers, text, dates and mathematical formulae. 3T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics Cont.: Activity: Look at the last Figures. What major similarities and differences do you note about the screen displays? The displays and the layouts are very similar. The major difference in the fine detail of the toolbars. Many spreadsheet packages allow you to tailor the toolbars to your own requirements. 4T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: StarOffice spreadsheet display with formula bar, cell A2 and cell B3 indicated 5T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: Highlighting a range of cells by clicking and dragging the mouse 6T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: 2.2 Creating a spreadsheet with a column chart Activity: 7T175 Networked Living1/9/2014 The table gives some information about the growth of the internet over the period from 1996 to Open up your spreadsheet package and enter the data in columns A and B.

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: Sample data in a StarOffice spreadsheet 8T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: Labelling via the AutoFormat Chart dialogue box 9T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: Completing the AutoFormat Chart dialogue box 10T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

2 - Spreadsheet Basics: Chart created from a spreadsheet 11T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: 3.1 Using formulae Spreadsheet can perform all sorts of computations and mathematical operations. Open a new spreadsheet document and enter 1 in cell A1. To use a formula, type: = A = indicates that it will treat the cell contents as a formula. You should see the screen shown as next Figure. 12T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: StarOffice spreadsheet display with formula bar and cell A2 indicated 13T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: Spreadsheet display with values in cells A3 to A8 14T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: Spreadsheet with new row 1 inserted 15T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: The formula is = B2*2. 16T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: 3.2 Dealing with large ranges of numbers: Spreadsheet with column graph 17T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: Spreadsheet with column graph 18T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

3 - Spreadsheet Activities: Linear Scale, each increment on the scale corresponds to adding a certain amount. So, in last Figure the scale is labeled in increments of 5000: 0, 5000, , ,... – we add 5000 each time. Logarithmic Scale, each increment on the scale corresponds to multiplying by a certain amount. So, a logarithmic scale might be labeled 1, 10, 100, 1000,... – multiplying by 10 each time. 19T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics 4.1 Introduction: In this section we put into practice some of the ideas about pixels, file sizes and data compression. The activities use a graphics editing package called IrfanView. You will also be using the T175 Colour demonstrator. you need to be sure that your computer is set up to show filename extensions (.doc,.xls,.jpg). To do this is to go to My Computer, and find Folder Options (under Tools). In Folder Options, then View. Remove Hide extensions. 20T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics 4.2 Greyscale: Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit black-and-white images. Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest. IrfanView information pane. 21T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics the data for the two images are similar except in one respect. In 1 st image the number of unique colours is 2, whereas in 2 nd image, it is 256. In fact, 1 st image does not have any set number of colours. 22T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics 4.3 Reducing the file size: With an image file opened, go to Image and then Decrease color depth. The option 256 colours(8 BPP)is not available because the current colour is already 256. After that, should have found that Current memory size has dropped because of decreasing the colour size. 23T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics 4.4 Compression: Lossless Compression, the process of compressing and then uncompressing loses none of the information in the original file. Lossy Compression, information is lost forever. 24T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics 4.5 From Grey To Colour: In computer graphics, the distinction between grey and colour is a bit artificial. Greys images are represented in the file and displayed in three colours (white, black and grey). In colour images, pixels on a display comes from combining three primary colours: red, green and blue. these primary colours can create other colours. 25T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics In a bitmap file, (.BMP or.TIF) an 8-bit number is typically used to indicate the brightness of a primary colour in a pixel. three 8-bit numbers are needed to specify all three primaries of a pixel to make a 24-bit number Example: Represents: (red) (green) (blue) 26T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics When you reach the maximum zoom, you will see that the picture is a mixture of small squares. Within a square, the colour is the same (one pixel). With 24 bits per pixel, we can have 256 different red values, 256 different green values 256 different blue values. The total number of colours in a pixel is: 256 x 256 x 256 = colours A monitor that can display this number of colours istrue colour. 27T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics The JPEG process works by taking blocks of pixels in the picture and analysing how the colour changes across each block. The data in the JPEG file records the patterns of variation across groups of pixels (not individual). When the picture is viewed, these patterns of variation have to be translated back to individual red, green and blue values. Compression in JPEG files is achieved by reducing the variability of colour in places where the reduction is unlikely to be noticed. 28T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics 4.6 Other Formats: IrfanView allows you to save files in a number of other formats. GIF and PNG. Both of these are intended primarily for use with Web graphics. The GIF format incorporates LZW lossless compression (restricted to 256 colours). The PNG format (Portable Network Graphics) is also primarily for use on the Web. It incorporates lossless compression (not restricted to 256 colours. 29T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

4 - Graphics Display Settings For A Computer 30T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

5 - Computers And Animation This section consists of a short movie on the course DVD. It describes the way that computers and computer software have transformed the way that animations are created and used by the entertainment industry. Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) is used extensively to provide virtual sets, animated scenes and characters in movies, TV programmes and adverts. 31T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

5 - Computers And Animation Section1 introduces the deformable mesh --the basic CGI structure –from Section2 look sat the way that attributes of 3D models Section 3 describes how simple CGI objects such as sharks, spaceships and cameras are animated. Section 4 shows how digital puppets are animated to move and behave realistically. Section 5 how are things are integrated with actual movie footage to create the finished visuals. Section 6 presents StainX movie & audio track. 32T175 Networked Living1/9/2014

End of The First Meeting 33T175 Networked Living1/9/2014