Lysmikroskopi MENA3100,OBK, 01.02.11.

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Presentation transcript:

Lysmikroskopi MENA3100,OBK, 01.02.11

Lysmikroskop Optisk mikroskop Forstørrelse (magnification) Oppløsningsevne (resolution) Kontrast Vi ønsker å se flere detaljer

Simple microscope Lupe, forstørrelsesglass

The simple microscope Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632−1723)

Det sammensatte mikroskop The compound microscope ca. 1595 Hans Janssen Robert Hooke (1635−1703) Micrographia, 1664

Don’t get too hang up in the ray tracing

Stereomikroskop Stereo microscope

Mikroskop for gjennomfallende lys Compound microscope for transmitted light

Mikroskop for reflektert lys Inverted compound microscope for reflected light

www.microscopy-analysis.com/files/ jwiley_microscopy/2006_Sept_Hammond.pdf

Illuminating system Specimen Condenser lens Aperture diaphragm Field diaphragm Filament

Controll illuminated area Illuminating system Specimen Condenser lens Aperture diaphragm Köhler illumination Uniform specimen illumination Field diaphragm Controll illuminated area Field diaphragm Aperture diaphragm Controll angle of the cone of light Filament

Imaging system Eyepiece Okular Tube lens Objective Specimen

Primary image

Refraction

Kromatisk abberation

Spherical abberation

Corrections The objective

The limiting factor: Diffraction

Resolution R = 0,61l/NA Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

Abbe

Numerical aperture (NA) NA = nsina Resolution R = 0,61l/NA

Oil immersion

Fouriertransformasjon

Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular) More is needed than just the objective Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular)

Optical anisotropy Calcite

Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive index Hexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indices Lower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Michel-Levy chart

Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections for optical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi). Some web sites: http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/ http://www.microscopyu.com/ http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/pdfs/basicsandbeyond.pdf maintenance: http://www.zeiss.de/C1256D18002CC306/0/1205E8CBD68054EAC125701500404705/$file/50-1-0011_e.pdf

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