Sources: NIMH Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.  ADHD has three subtypes:  Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive  Predominantly inattentive  Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

What are the symptoms of ADHD in children? I.Either A or B: A.Six or more of the following symptoms of inattention have been present for at least 6 months to a point that is inappropriate for developmental level: 1.Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities. 2.Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities. 3.Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. 4.Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace. 5.Often has trouble organizing activities. 6.Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework). 7.Often loses things needed for tasks and activities (e.g. toys, pencils, or tools). 8.Is often easily distracted. 9.Is often forgetful in daily activities. DSM-IV Criteria for ADHD Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

I.Either A or B: B.Six or more of the following symptoms of hyperactivity- impulsivity have been present for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level: Hyperactivity 1.Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat when sitting still is expected. 2.Often gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected. 3.Often excessively runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may feel very restless). 4.Often has trouble playing or doing leisure activities quietly. 5.Is often "on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor". 6.Often talks excessively. Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

I.Either A or B: B.Six or more of the following symptoms of hyperactivity- impulsivity have been present for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level: Inpulsivity 7.Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished. 8.Often has trouble waiting one's turn. 9.Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games). Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

II.Some symptoms that cause impairment were present before age 7 years. III.Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g. at school/work and at home). IV.There must be clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, school, or work functioning. V.The symptoms do not happen only during the course of a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorder. The symptoms are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g. Mood Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Dissociative Disorder, or a Personality Disorder). Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

What causes ADHD?  Like many other illnesses, ADHD probably results from a combination of factors.  Genes. Results from several international studies of twins show that ADHD often runs in families. Researchers are looking at several genes that may make people more likely to develop the disorder.  Environmental factors. Possible link with cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy of mother. Possible link between consumption of certain food additives like artificial colors or preservatives, and an increase in activity. Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

How is ADHD diagnosed?  ADHD symptoms usually appear early in life, often between the ages of 3 and 6, and because symptoms vary from person to person, the disorder can be hard to diagnose.  The pediatrician or mental health specialist will first try to rule out other possibilities for the symptoms.  A specialist will also check school and medical records for clues, to see if the child’s home or school settings appear unusually stressful or disrupted, and gather information from the child’s parents, teachers, and others adults who know the child well. Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

How is ADHD treated?  Currently available treatments focus on reducing the symptoms of ADHD and improving functioning. Treatments include medication, various types of psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments. Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

How is ADHD treated?  Medications  The most common type of medication used for treating ADHD is called a “stimulant.” Although it may seem unusual to treat ADHD with a medication considered a stimulant, it actually has a calming effect on children with ADHD.  Psychotherapy  Behavioral therapy aims to help a child change his or her behavior.  Therapists may teach children social skills, such as how to wait their turn, share toys, ask for help, or respond to teasing. Learning to read facial expressions and the tone of voice in others, and how to respond appropriately can also be part of social skills training. Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

How about teens and adults?  Most children with ADHD continue to have symptoms as they enter adolescence. Some children, however, are not diagnosed with ADHD until they reach adolescence. This is more common among children with predominantly inattentive symptoms because they are not necessarily disruptive at home or in school.  Some children with ADHD continue to have it as adults. And many adults who have the disorder don’t know it. They may feel that it is impossible to get organized, stick to a job, or remember and keep appointments. Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.