Federalism -Federalism -Enumerated Powers -Reserved Powers -Concurrent Powers -Supremacy Clause -State Constitutions -Federal-State Cooperation

State Executive Branch -Governor– 4 year term, 2 consecutive term limit 30 years old -Lieutenant Governor

State Executive Branch -Same Roles as President Executive Legislative Commander Party Judicial State

State Executive Branch -State Executive Departments and Agencies -10 major Executive Departments(appointed) -8 Council of State Departments(elected)

State Legislative Branch -Very similar to Congress (called General Assembly in NC) NC Senate-50 NC House year Terms, no limits -Legislatures can be based only on Population Reynolds v. Sims

GENERAL ASSMEBLY

House-Walter Church-D House-Mitch Gillespie-R Senate-Jim Jacumin -R Burke county state representatives

State Legislative Branch -State Congressmen varying requirements, full time job NC House-21, NC Senate 25 -Law Passing Process very similar to Congress -Budget Problems are greatest concerns -Leandro case involving school funding

State Judicial Branch -State Courts handle all cases not given to federal jurisdiction, which is most all cases -Most state judges are elected officials -elected in non-partisan elections -debate over election process

State Judicial Branch -Lower State Courts– misdemeanor cases, family law and small civil suits—judge only -Higher State Courts– felony cases, large civil suits—jury trials -trial courts, county court, district court -Appellate Courts -State Supreme Courts

NC SUPREME COURT Justice Robert H. Edmunds, Jr Justice Mark Martin Chief Justice Sarah Parker Justice Edward Thomas Brady Justice Paul Newby Justice Robin Hudson Justice Patricia Timmons-Goodson

State v. Mann The case arose from the prosecution of John Mann for assaulting a slave, Lydia, whose services he had hired for one year. The case arose from the prosecution of John Mann for assaulting a slave, Lydia, whose services he had hired for one year. Mann hit Lydia when she committed a small offense, and she ran away. Mann "called upon her to stop" when she did not, he shot her. Mann hit Lydia when she committed a small offense, and she ran away. Mann "called upon her to stop" when she did not, he shot her. A jury convicted him of battery, but Chief Justice Ruffin overturned the conviction. A jury convicted him of battery, but Chief Justice Ruffin overturned the conviction.

Justice Ruffin's Opinion in State v. Mann Justice Ruffin captured the attention of abolitionists with his extraordinary opinion in Mann, because he released the possessor of a slave from all legal control for harm to her, despite his recognition of the inhumanity of his decision. Justice Ruffin captured the attention of abolitionists with his extraordinary opinion in Mann, because he released the possessor of a slave from all legal control for harm to her, despite his recognition of the inhumanity of his decision. "the struggle... in the Judge's own breast between the feelings of the man, and the duty of the magistrate." "the struggle... in the Judge's own breast between the feelings of the man, and the duty of the magistrate." Mann was released from liability for abusing a slave who was under his control. Mann was released from liability for abusing a slave who was under his control.

Leandro vs. North Carolina Every child of the state of North Carolina is guaranteed an opportunity to receive a sound basic education in our public schools. Every child of the state of North Carolina is guaranteed an opportunity to receive a sound basic education in our public schools. A "sound basic education" is one that will provide the student with at least: A "sound basic education" is one that will provide the student with at least: (1) sufficient ability to read, write, and speak the English language and a sufficient knowledge of fundamental mathematics and physical science to enable the student to function in a complex and rapidly changing society (1) sufficient ability to read, write, and speak the English language and a sufficient knowledge of fundamental mathematics and physical science to enable the student to function in a complex and rapidly changing society (2) sufficient fundamental knowledge of geography, history, and basic economic and political systems to enable the student to make informed choices with regard to issues that affect the student personally or affect the student's community, state, and nation (2) sufficient fundamental knowledge of geography, history, and basic economic and political systems to enable the student to make informed choices with regard to issues that affect the student personally or affect the student's community, state, and nation (3) sufficient academic and vocational skills to enable the student to successfully engage in post-secondary education or vocational training (3) sufficient academic and vocational skills to enable the student to successfully engage in post-secondary education or vocational training (4) sufficient academic and vocational skills to enable the student to compete on an equal basis with others in further formal education or gainful employment in contemporary society (4) sufficient academic and vocational skills to enable the student to compete on an equal basis with others in further formal education or gainful employment in contemporary society

The Court rules that this is a minimum standard that is constitutionally permissible The Court rules that this is a minimum standard that is constitutionally permissible If the court found that the state failed, the people would be entitled to a remedy (effective educational strategy and/or additional funding) If the court found that the state failed, the people would be entitled to a remedy (effective educational strategy and/or additional funding) No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind

16 PLEA BARGAIN SINCE DISTRICT COURTS HEAR SO MANY CASES, PLEA BARGAINS ARE USED TO GET A GUILTY CONFESSION FOR A LESSER SENTENCE SINCE DISTRICT COURTS HEAR SO MANY CASES, PLEA BARGAINS ARE USED TO GET A GUILTY CONFESSION FOR A LESSER SENTENCE

IT IS A STATE DECISION TO HAVE THE DEATH PENALTY

18 Methods of Execution

North Carolina and the Death Penalty North Carolina and the Death Penalty North Carolina allows the death penalty as an option in cases of first-degree murder. North Carolina allows the death penalty as an option in cases of first-degree murder. North Carolina authorizes lethal injection North Carolina authorizes lethal injection Minimum age for death penalty: 18 Minimum age for death penalty: 18 Executions : 362 Executions : 362 No Executions No Executions Executions since 1984: 42* Executions since 1984: 42* *3 in 2006 as of 5/17/06 *3 in 2006 as of 5/17/06

North Carolina lethal injection or gas ? ? Death Watch area A dayroom on death row at Central Prison

U.S. executions were briefly halted in 1972 following the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court on the case of Furman v. Georgia. The justices decided that executions were cruel and unusual punishment and therefore a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. U.S. executions were briefly halted in 1972 following the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court on the case of Furman v. Georgia. The justices decided that executions were cruel and unusual punishment and therefore a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. In 1976, the Court reversed this decision in the case of Gregg v.Georgia. To address the "cruel and usual punishment" objections, states began looking for a more humane way of carrying out the death penalty, lethal injection being one of the methods they came up with. In 1976, the Court reversed this decision in the case of Gregg v.Georgia. To address the "cruel and usual punishment" objections, states began looking for a more humane way of carrying out the death penalty, lethal injection being one of the methods they came up with.

Execution Room at San Quentin Prison

26 Execution Witness rooms at San Quentin (top) and Central Prison (right)

27 Selection of Execution Witnesses Selection of Execution Witnesses North Carolina General Statute identifies the people who may be present at an execution. It provides that prison staff, official witnesses, members of the victim’s family and representatives of the convicted felon be present. Space limitations in the witness room restrict the number of witnesses to 16. North Carolina General Statute identifies the people who may be present at an execution. It provides that prison staff, official witnesses, members of the victim’s family and representatives of the convicted felon be present. Space limitations in the witness room restrict the number of witnesses to 16. The statute defines the prison staff as the warden or deputy warden, or some person designated by the warden in his place and the surgeon or physician of the penitentiary. The statute defines the prison staff as the warden or deputy warden, or some person designated by the warden in his place and the surgeon or physician of the penitentiary. The statute also provides for four respectable citizens to serve as official witnesses. The district attorney of the county of conviction and the sheriff of the county of conviction each select two official witnesses. The statute also provides for four respectable citizens to serve as official witnesses. The district attorney of the county of conviction and the sheriff of the county of conviction each select two official witnesses.

Demographics White Black Indian Other Total White Black Indian Other Total Male Male Female Female Total Total Offenders on Death Row - names Offenders on Death Row - names Offenders on Death Row - names Offenders on Death Row - names

31 Cost of execution supplies - Lethal Injection Cost of execution supplies - Lethal Injection 12 each 60cc each-$ each 60cc each-$ each 10cc each -$.72 6 each 10cc each -$.72 3 each 1000 ml each- $ each 1000 ml each- $ each IV tubing each- $ each IV tubing each- $ each IV set 6.87 each-$ each IV set 6.87 each-$ each IV 1.23 each-$ each IV 1.23 each-$ each Thiopental Sodium 5 gm $ each Thiopental Sodium 5 gm $ each Potassium Chloride 2mg/ml $ each Potassium Chloride 2mg/ml $ each Pancuronium Bromide $ each Pancuronium Bromide $ TOTAL $ (Costs varies somewhat depending on supplier, current costs and amount of drug used) TOTAL $ (Costs varies somewhat depending on supplier, current costs and amount of drug used)

Offender Population Apr 20, 2005 Prison Inmates 36,735 Probationers 114,925 Parolees 2,558 Total 154,218 Male Inmates 34,088 Female Inmates 2,647 Cost of Supervision for fiscal year ending June 30, 2004 Cost of Prison Incarceration daily cost per inmate yearly cost per inmate Minimum Custody $49.34 $18,009 Medium Custody $65.59 $23,940 Close Custody $82.46 $30,098 Minimum Custody $49.34 $18,009 Medium Custody $65.59 $23,940 Close Custody $82.46 $30,098 Average $65.80 $24,016 $882,227,760 per year for all inmates in the state of NC

Persons executed in NC Persons executed in NC