Otherwise known as: Manure Happens Agronomy 101 Otherwise known as: Manure Happens

Topics Manure Characteristics Nutrient content N-P-K Factors affecting nutrient content of manure Differences amongst animal species Sampling requirements and methods Application equipment

Topics Record and manure management Nutrient Budgets Worksheets

7020.0300 Definitions Subp. 4. Animal manure or manure. “Animal manure” or “manure” means poultry, livestock, or other animal excrete or mixture of excrete with feed, bedding, precipitation, or other materials. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300

7020.0300 Definitions Subp. 13b. Manure – contaminated runoff “Manure-contaminated runoff” means a liquid that has come into contact with animal manure and drains over land from any animal feedlot, manure storage area, or animal land application site. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300

7020 and NPDES Definitions Solid Manure 7020.2125 Manure Stockpiling Sites Subp. 1, item B. Manure must not be placed on a stockpiling site unless a three-to- one horizontal-to-vertical ratio can be maintained or the manure has at least, a 15 percent solids content https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules?id=7020.2125

7020 and NPDES Definitions NPDES Permit language Solid Manure (15 percent or more solids, and handled as a solid) Winter Application Liquid Manure is considered to be any Manure that does not meet the definition of “solid Manure” provided in item 3. http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=13482

Manure Sampling Requirements NPDES = annually Storage area for 100 au or more = once every 4 years 300 au or more farms = for 3 consecutive years than once every 4 years 7020.2225 LAND APPLICATION OF MANURE. Subp. 2.Manure nutrient testing requirements. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.2225

Manure Sampling Recommendations Composite samples How is the manure handled/managed Housing – bedding – equipment Liquid or solid manure Storage system agitated Custom hauler Best time to sample – when applying manure Recommend annual sampling Recommend running averages http://www.mn.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/ecs/nutrient/manure/mnnutr6.pdf

Reference Materials Beer and Baking U of M and Dept of Ag Nutrient & Manure Management Tables and Nutrient Management Tables Excellent reference materials

Nitrogen Availability and Loss, as Affected by Method of Manure Application and Animal Species Year Available % of Total Nitrogen Available Per Year Broadcast Incorporation Timing Injection After 96 hrs. 12 to 96 hrs. Within 12 hrs. Sweep Knife Beef Year 1 25 45 60 50 Year 2 Lost 40 20 5 10 Dairy 55 Swine 35 75 80 70 15 30 Poultry

Liquid Manure Application Equipment

Double disks manure applicator

Double disks manure applicator

Sweep injection manure applicator

Sweep injection manure applicator

Knife injection manure applicator

Broadcast solid manure applicators Typically used with solid manure and semi-solid manures End gate spreaders are used with dry manure and bedded pack manure Side-slingers used with semi-solids or slurry manures

End gate spreader

Side-slinger spreader

or Toyota Cowrolla

Nutrient Budgets Method to calculate amount of manure and or fertilizer to apply to planned crop Calculations use MN-extension formulas Variables include: Crop rotation and yield goals Manure analysis and method of application Fertilizer use Beer & Baking or Balancing your Checkbook

Nutrient Budgets crop needs Crop rotation = nutrient recommendation

Nutrient Budgets availability Type of animal and method of application = nutrient availability

Nutrient Budgets what’s in your account Calculate any 2nd year manure credit Based on previous years total manure nitrogen applied

Nutrient Budgets Example Corn following corn = 180 pounds of nitrogen Finishing swine manure analysis for N-P-K: 58-44-40 pounds/1000 gallons Method of manure application: Broadcast immediate incorporation with disks: Nitrogen availability =75% Starter fertilizer credit: 5 – 10 – 0 pound N-P-K

How many #s of N are available? 43.5# 35.6# 58.4# 40.3# #1 – (44# N Available (58# x .75= 43.5#))

Nutrient Budgets Example

How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre? 4150 gallons / acre 3500 gallons / acre 4000 gallons / acre 6050 gallons / acre #3 – (4000 gal / acre)

Nutrient Budgets Example

Nutrient Budgets Example 180 – 5# N in starter = 175 # nitrogen 58# N in manure x 75% (available N) = 43.5 175 ÷ 43.5 = 4.022 4.022 x 1000 = 4000 gallons/acre

2nd Budget Example Work thru the following example: Crop rotation: corn following soybeans Finishing swine manure: 58 – 44 – 40 per 1000/gals of N-P-K Method of application: Sweep injection 4,000 gallons of hog manure applied 2 years ago 5 gallons 28% in herbicide = 15# nitrogen

Manure Nutrients Short Form

How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre? 3000 gallons / acre 1700 gallons / acre 2000 gallons / acre 3500 gallons / acre #2 – (1700 gal/acre)

Final Answer Corn on Beans 180# N needed – 40#N from beans = 140#N 140# N – last years manure 35# N = 105#N (4000 gallon x 15% = 35#N) 105# N – Fertilizer application 15# = 80#N 80#N / 46.4# N per 1000 gallon (58# N/ 1000 gallon x 80%) = 1700 gallons per acre

3rd Budget Example Work thru the following example: Crop rotation: corn following corn following average alfalfa Dairy manure: 10 – 3 - 6 (N-P-K pounds/ton) Method of application: Broadcast incorporated within 2 days at 25 tons/acre Manure applied 2 years ago at 25 tons/acre use same analysis (10-3-6)

How many ton can be applied per acre? 32.5 ton per acre 17 ton per acre 19 ton per acre 21.5 ton per acre #2 – (17 ton per acre)

Final Answer Corn on corn with alfalfa 2 years ago – 130#N (180# - 50#N from alfalfa 2 years ago) 130#N – last years manure 62#N = 68#N (25 ton x 10#N/ton x 15% = 62#N) 68#N needed / 4#N ton manure = 17 ton

Not a good day to visit the farm

Phosphorous High phosphorous soils - added requirements Sensitive areas > 22 Bray > 17 Olsen Over 300’ from sensitive areas > 75 Bray > 60 Olsen Interim permit required some cases

Resource

Crop Needs

Crop Removal

Example 1 Soil sample – 72 ppm Bray 450 AU Cattle site Intermittent Stream Average yield 210 bu corn/acre Manure test – 12-14-10

Phosphorous Concerns? Over 300’ from sensitive area No issue with phosphorus Nitrogen limits Within 300” from sensitive area Prevent phosphorus buildup Utilize crop removal figures

Example 2 Soil sample – 82 ppm Bray 450 AU Cattle site Intermittent Stream Average yield 210 bu corn/acre

How many ton can be applied per acre? Determined by Nitrogen limits 6.2 ton per acre 5.1 ton per acre 5.7 ton per acre 3 or 4 depending on removal rates

Questions?