The Royal Floating Pavilions in Bali: Exploration of Meanings By: Naniek Kohdrata Cokorda G.A. Semarajaya Udayana University – Bali, Indonesia

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 2 Brief Introduction - Orientation Location of the Klungkung Palace & Karangasem Palace

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 3 Klungkung Palace Karangasem Palace Brief Introduction - Location

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 4 The Royal Garden of Klungkung Palace & Karangasem Palace WATER (POND)PAVILION GARDEN Bale Kambang = floating pavilion Taman Gili = island garden Discussion – The Royal Water Garden

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 5 Simple ground pattern of RECTANGULAR SHAPE Discussion – The Royal Water Garden SUGGEST some interpretations: Miniature of Bali island surrounded by sea. Connection with Cambodia, Laos, & Thailand in terms of : –religious matter in the past –Royal/religious structures layout concept. Local values  shaping forms & giving meanings to the final result.

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 6 Discussion – The Garden Elements Major significant differences: Statues : –At Klungkung palace: a series of statues encircling the pavilion, statues are part of the pavilion. –At Karangasem palace: only two prominent statues, statues are part of pond feature Pavilion architecture : –At Klungkung  elaborate –At Karangasem  modest

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 7 The Statues at Klungkung

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 8 The Statues at Karangasem

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 9 The Floating Pavilion at Klungkung

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 10 The Floating Pavilion at Karangasem

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 11 Discussion – The Floating Pavilions Pavilion at Klungkung Palace : 3 levels : 1 st  platform with low fence & statues 2 nd  base of the 3 rd level 3 rd  core of the pavilion, painted ceiling with stories influenced by Hinduism Symbolism in structural forms –Tortoise shape of the pavilion’s foundation  god Vishnu supporting the universe (Hindu mythology) astral creature symbolizing eternal dynamic (Hindu-Bali cosmology) –Pavilion may have association with Meru (sacred mountain in Hindu belief)

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 12 The Floating Pavilion at Klungkung

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 13 Discussion – The Floating Pavilions Pavilion at Karangasem Palace : Only 1 level  raised platform with low fence Hardly find symbolism/philosophical meaning in structural forms –Simplicity –Ornamental and decorative garden features.

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 14 The Floating Pavilion at Karangasem

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 15 Discussion – The Floating Pavilions Functional Purposes Floating Pavilion Garden at Klungkung Royal-formal ceremonies (court of justice, council meeting) Royal family religious ceremonies Floating Pavilion Garden at Karangasem Royal-formal & informal matters (meeting, dining, art & dan performances) SECULAR & SPIRITUAL PROFANE (SECULAR)

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 16 Conclusion 1.The royal floating pavilion at Klungkung has outward orientation because it serves as the royals symbol, both profane and sacred. Conversely, the one in Karangasem palace has inward orientation because it is more intended for family use as pleasure garden. 2.Hinduism obviously has influence in both floating pavilions. The one in Klungkung palace clearly shows the influence of Hinduism mythology and Hindu-Bali cosmology belief, whereas the one in Karangasem palace has more contemporary sense.

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY - BALI NK – MMXI 17 Thank You