Coastal Zone Management of Bangladesh Professor M Alimullah Miyan JCOMM-4 Fourth Session of the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology May 23 – 31, 2012 Yeosu, Republic of Korea

2 Professor M Alimullah Miyan Chairperson South Asian Disaster Management Centre (SADMC) International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka Bangladesh Website: Coastal Zone Management of Bangladesh

Bay of Bengal and Coast of Bangladesh 3

Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna Esuaries & Coastal Zone of Bangladesh 5

Cox’s Bazar, Longest Sea Beach 6

Sundarbans Largest Mangrove Forests 7

Man-eating Royal Bengal Tiger, Crocodile & Spotted Deer of Sundarbans 8

Natural beauty of Sundarbans and Sundarbans after Sidr

Tropical Cyclones Affected Coastal Zones Cyclones Affected Regions Wind Speed km/hr Deaths Damages US $ in million BholaCyclone Bangladesh, India , Cylone-1991Bangladesh260138,0001,500 Sidr-2007 Bangladesh, India 2604,0361,700 Nargis-2008 Myanmar, Bangladesh ,366 (126 in Bangladesh) 10,000 Aila-2009Bangladesh, India (26 in Bangladesh)

Damages of lives, structures & Mangroves during Bangladesh cyclone 1991, Bhola Cyclone 1970 & Cyclone Sidr 2007

Damage of Crops & Structures in Sidr Fleeing people during Aila-2009

Effect of Sidr Nov 25,

Changes of Coastline in the Meghna Estuary between 1990 &

The Bay of Bengal Enclosed Sea 15

Discharge of Effluents to Rivers

Discharge of Industrial Effluents to Rivers

Hazards of Ship-breaking Industries 18

Chemical Effluents from Shrimp Hatchery 19

Chemical Effluent from Shrimp Hatchery 20

Hill-cutting and Shrimp hatcheries eroding the beach 21

Fires in High-rise Building, Factory & Slums

Encroachment of Rivers and Wet-Bodies

Tidal Surge, Flood & Erosion

Air Pollution & Brick Kilns

Asian Brown Cloud scattered over the Bay of Bengal 26

Changes of salinity affected zone during 1973 to

Hilsa migrates from north Bay due to unfavorable environment: Huge catch near Teknaf 28

Hilsa crisis in the Bay in ongoing peak season, idle fishing trawlers 29

Patrolling boat in Sundarbans 30

Manmade Freshwater Reservoir in Coastal Zone 31

Cyclone Shelter cum Schools in Coastal Zone 32

Conclusion and Recommendations Coastal zone has great importance to protect the shoreline of the Bay Northern part is resourceful & biodiversity rich, very fragile & prone to pollution Industries, agriculture & ports are major sources Ship breaking, shrimp culture are great threat Destruction of mangroves increasing vulnerability 33

Conclusion and Recommendations CHT plays important role in coastline management Dams destroying the hill forests & water-flows Indiscriminate use of Chemicals and upstream in agriculture destroying perennial streams Causing marine & terrestrial biodiversity loss Hill cutting, shrimp hatchery and unplanned structures damaging Cox’s Bazar sea beach 34

Conclusion and Recommendations Pollution from ship-breaking, ports & shrimp culture should be stopped Deforestation, hill-cutting, over-fishing unplanned construction must be controlled Defense systems against cyclones, tidal surges, erosion should be built up 35

Thank You 36