Development of the SVP-B drifter idea to have more data and less its cost Motyzhev S.*, Brown J.**, Horton E.**, Lunev E.*, Kirichenko A.*, Tolstosheev A.*, Yachmenev V.* * Marine Hydrophysical Institute NASU/Marlin-Yug Ltd, Kapitanskaya,2, Sebastopol, Ukraine, ** Naval Oceanographic Office, 1002 Balch Boulevard, Stennis Space Center, MS ,USA

Lifetime  2 years ID16330/WMO61525 Black Sea December 2001 – October – 2004 Technological stage of development Three rotations around the Black Sea SST AP

Lifetime  2 years ID27136 / WMO33514 South Atlantic December 2002 – October – 2004 Technological stage of development Buoy’s trajectoryAir pressure

2003 ”Smart” Buoy Project A System of Complementary Networks

2003 ”Smart” Buoy Project Future drifter monitoring for different areas of applications might be provided with flexible self-controlled drifters networks with sensor data analysis by buoy’s processing possibilities and selection of necessary technical status of buoy according to velocity and amplitude variability of parameters under control

2003 ”Smart Buoy” Project Parameter Standard mode Storm mode AP resolution (hPa) AP dynamic range (hPa) to to APT dynamic range (hPa) to to Interval between samples (min) 6015 AP measurement Standard algorithm 40 AP samples (40 s). Median of the lowest 3 points. Median within 1 hPa 10 standard measurements within 15 minutes with 90 sec interval. Average of 10 medians Rank for data transfer1(0)4 (0, 1, 2, 3) SVPBD2 drifter (Storm Buoy)

2003 SVPBD2 Storm Buoy Jul Sep 2004 Hurricane FABIAN Goal of 2003 experiment in the Tropical Atlantic Investigation of the ways of tropical waves transformation in AP depression and so on 29 Aug-1 Sep 2003

Developments of the “Smart Buoy” idea in 2004 PTT МТ-105А CLS Type approval Programming of Argos-2 channels (S1-S14) Size: 100  80  20 mm Weight: 90 г Sensor board ММ400 AP and up to 300 temperature sensors distributed within 600 м Size: 80  50  20 mm Weight: 65 г New Electronics of the “Smart Buoy”

Developments of the “Smart Buoy” idea in 2004 SVPBD2T (temperature) drifter Sensor of subsurface temperature at the end of tether line Two complete buoys within a shipping crate Parameter2003 Storm Buoy2004 Storm Buoy Number of satellites32 Data format DBCP-M2Cut AP&APT rangeStandard + extra bits Repetition period15 min30 min Rank45 AP resolution0.05 hPa0.1 hPa

Developments of the “Smart Buoy” idea in 2004 SVPBD2T (temperature) drifter Goal of 2004 experiment in the Tropical Atlantic Investigation of SST and SBT variety before, during and under the tropical storms Hurricane Frances August 2004

Developments of the “Smart Buoy” idea in 2004 SVPBD2TC (chain) drifter Sensor of subsurface temperature at the end of tether line 9 temperature sensors of chain 17, 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52, 57 m Sensor of subsurface temperature at the end of tether line

Developments of the “Smart Buoy” idea in 2004 SVPBD2TC (chain) drifter Novelties: 1. Quasilagrangian drifter 2. Stabilization of a depth of chain’s upper point Goal of 2004 experiment in the Black Sea Testing of new drifter and validation of remote sensing data.

Thermocline variability after data processing Cooling of upper water from 7 to 13 September

Developments of the “Smart Buoy” idea in future SVPBD2L (light) drifter Goal: Effectiveness of drifter observations  Decrease of size and price of buoy  Decrease of attendant costs (shipment, storage, etc.)  Additional measuring possibilities Ways:  New electronics  Surface float with Ø25-30 cm  Holey Sock with Ø60-65 cm and 5-6 m length  Additional sensors and indirect measurements Parameters StandardAdditional Subsurface Current (15 m)Subsurface Temperature (12 m) Sea Surface TemperatureProfile of Temperature ( m) Battery VoltageProfile of Subsurface Currents Air PressureParameters of Surface Waves Air Pressure TendencyAdaptive measurements

Conclusion 1. It seems the technological stage of drifter technology to have reliable standard data is closely to be completed 2. Future activity of drifter community might be directed to have more data with less cost of measurements 3. One of the possible ways for realization of this goal could be the development of SVPB drifter having less sizes and additional low-cost set of sensors with direct and indirect application of their data

Presentation on Development of SVP-Drifter for More Data at Lower Cost Author(s) Name : Dr Sergei Motyzhev, Ukraine WMO IOC October 2004 Chennai, India. Tuesday, 19 th October 2004 WMO