National Defense Industrial Association February 1, 2011 CREATE-RF Status National Defense Industrial Association February 1, 2011

CREATE-RF Development Product Description Product: SENTRI SENTRI – Scalable Engineering Tools for RF Integration What it is: Computer Aided Engineering Software for DoD Electromagnetic Applications Designed for High Accuracy – Full Wave (non-optical) Numerical Methods Finite Elements Boundary Integral Harmonic Expansions Designed for Extensibility, Maintainability, and Flexibility Not All Electromagnetic Applications are the same Need for Specific and Tailored Methods for Unique Applications Designed to Run on Wide Range of Computers from Engineering Workstations to High Performance Computers SENTRI v1.5 is a re-architected version of SENTRI v1.0. To the external customer, there would be no difference, but internally, the code now allows for better maintainability, extensibility, and capability, due to the extensive software engineering that was performed during the re-factoring process.

CREATE-RF Requirement Summary Antennas on Air, Sea, Ground, And Space Platforms Communication, Navigation, Surveillance, Target Recognition, Electronic Attack, Countermeasure, Etc. Global Hawk These requirements were identified by a number of tri-Service CEM experts. After arranging and binning them into near-, mid-, and far-term requirements, they were validated by the senior-level CREATE-RF Board of Directors. These requirements indicated where capability gaps existed; the Board’s “seal of approval” allowed CREATE-RF to take these requirements and construct/deliver our roadmaps, schedule, cost, etc. These requirements trace though almost all of our project execution and documentation., and are documented in our Board-approved Initial Capabilities Document, dated December 2008. We understand the other CREATE projects are moving towards use cases as a way to connect requirements and capabilities into their development strategy and development plan. These example problems are where we would begin to look to identify our project’s use cases. We will discuss with the Program Office and the other teams the benefits of identifying appropriate use cases for software development and testing. CREATE-RF undergoes a yearly requirements re-validation. Computational Electromagnetics Applies to Almost All DoD Systems

Development Approach Background Benefits to DoD Acquisition Community ‘First-Pass’ Designs Develop High-Fidelity Codes to Model All Design Variables Reducing Risk That Design Goals Will Not Be Met Less Prototyping  Faster and More Productive Engineering Hardware Prototyping is Time Consuming, Expensive, Provides Little Insight to Physical Phenomena New Concept Designs  Higher Performance at Lower Cost Methods Allow for the Exploration of Entire Design Space Higher Performance Requires New Designs and Materials to be Explored A Single DoD Vehicle can have More Than 100 Antenna Systems

CREATE-RF Development Product Description Challenge of Computational Electromagnetics Complex Geometries, Complex Material Application, Multi-Scale Geometries Computationally Expensive for Accurate Full-Wave Analysis Electromagnetic Phenomena (Singularities, Resonances, Wide-Band) Prof. Jin-Fa Lee

CREATE-RF Development Problem Size (Unknowns) Product Description Challenge of Computational Electromagnetics Unknown Count with Notional Aircraft 1010 VHF UHF L S C X Ku K Ka 109 20M 108 5M 500M 107 1M 180M Length = 15.5 m Width = 8.9 m Height = 4.1 m Problem Size (Unknowns) 50M 200K 106 20K 105 100 MHz to 40 GHz 10 samples/λ 104 103 102 103 104 105 Frequency (MHz) Source: Riverside Research Institute

Development Approach SENTRI at version 1.5 Product Roadmap Antenna Modeling Patch, Notch, Horn, Spirals (Applications: Radar, Communication, GPS) Phased Array Antennas Cavity Backed Antenna (Approximate In-Situ Analysis) Periodic Structures Frequency Selective Surfaces Circuit Analog Absorbers Metamaterials Infrared Filters / Absorbers Microwave Circuits Power Splitting Material Measurement Filters Circulators Radar Cross-Section Prediction As an example, the following slides go into some of the technical issues associated with solving phased array antennas. The other functions listed above have many unique technical issues of their own.

Development Approach Future Releases of SENTRI Product Roadmap Future Releases of SENTRI Full End-to-End Analysis System Graphical User Interface Material Database Visualization of Solutions Analysis Traceability Optimization Programmable System Software Release as a Application Programming Interface for Further Tailoring by End User

Development Approach Rapid Design Codes Development Strategy Rapid Design Codes What Engineers Need for Their Design Work High Fidelity Codes Design Optimization Techniques Integrated with Rapid Design / High-Fidelity Codes Making Engineers Productive by Automating Design Tools Specialized Codes for Particular Applications Big Payoff – Solving Problems that Others Can’t

Rapid Design Methods High Fidelity Methods Design Space Development Approach Development Strategy Design Space Rapid Design Methods High Fidelity Methods Optimal Design Rapid Design Methods  Narrow Design Space High Fidelity Methods  Model All Variables, Optimal Design

Development Approach Rapid Design Codes Development Strategy Rapid Design Codes What Engineers Need for Their Design Work High Fidelity Codes Design Optimization Techniques Integrated with Rapid Design / High-Fidelity Codes Making Engineers Productive by Automating Design Tools Specialized Codes for Particular Applications Big Payoff – Solving Problems that Others Can’t

Development Approach Rapid Design Codes Development Strategy Rapid Design Codes What Engineers Need for Their Design Work High Fidelity Codes Design Optimization Techniques Integrated with Rapid Design / High-Fidelity Codes Making Engineers Productive by Automating Design Tools Specialized Codes for Particular Applications Big Payoff  Solving Problems that Others Can’t

Application Examples Microwave Circuit Analysis Sanity Check - Code to Code Comparison: SENTRI vs. CST Microwave Studio High Dielectric Coupled-Ring Filter ε = 38 (both) Dielectric Air Coax ε = 2.4 Normal H on symmetry plane. Successfully Benchmarked w/ Independent Software Vendor Tools

Application Examples Sanity Check – SENTRI vs. Published Results Metamaterials Sanity Check – SENTRI vs. Published Results

Application Examples Sanity Check – SENTRI vs. Published Results Metamaterials Sanity Check – SENTRI vs. Published Results SENTRI

Printed Circuit Antennas Application Examples Printed Circuit Antennas SENTRI vs. Commercial Codes Stripline feed. Radial stub. Exponential tapered slot, cut into metal. λ/4 reflector Radiating slotline mode. x y Solution domain. Near field is post-processed, could be used as illumination for other problems. Return Loss (S11) dB Frequency, GHz 4 5 6 7 8 - 40 - 30 - 20 - 10 0 Legend (v1) (v1.5) Successfully Benchmarked w/ Independent Software Vendor Tools

Application Examples Antenna Patch Array A large printed array is an antenna-type problem that also benefits. Gain (left) & field structure (right).

In-Situ Antenna Analysis Angle off boresight, degrees. Application Examples In-Situ Antenna Analysis Lofted horn on notional missile. Isolated In-situ ε = 1 (air) ε = 1.8 (radome) Metal Gain, dBi -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 E-plane Isolated In-situ 12’, 40 λ @ 3.3GHz, 78K / 96K FE/BI unknowns -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 Gain, dBi H-plane -180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180 Angle off boresight, degrees.

Running Large, High Fidelity Models Analysis Scalability Running Large, High Fidelity Models Big Computers Not the Total Solution O(N3) O(N log N) Desired endpoint: asymptotically competitive algorithms, scaled well to next-gen HPC platforms P O(N log N)/P Problem Size Time to Solution ACA, FMM (FY10) Open MP + MPI MPI Hierarchical-ACA, ML-FMM O(N1.5)/P Big Computers + Algorithms that Scale with Problem Size

Conclusion Computational Electromagnetic Applications are Challenging but with High Performance Computers and Advanced Numerical Methods they can be Solved CREATE-RF Software Development For Use by DoD Government and US Defense Industry Engineers Allows for Specific Tailoring for Special Applications Tech-Transfer Mechanism for Next-Gen of Gov’t Engineers CREATE-RF Transfer to Military Industry Complete Analysis Package Runs on Workstations and High Performance Computers Programmable System for End User Extensibility