1. Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Satellite Mission
A.H.Muhammad Siddique-E-Akbor
Graduate Student, CEE, TTU

2. Contents Introduction Objectives Remote Sensing Instruments Resolution
Parameter Values of Mission
Data Collection & Processing
Expected Benefits
Expected Application

3. Introduction
Proposed NASA & French Space Agency (CNES) mission to make the first global survey of Earth's surface water.
In February 2008, adopted the name SWOT, replacing the original name WatER HM.
Artists concept of SWOT

4. Glimpses of the Mission
Launch: 2016
Agency: NASA & CNES
Orbit: Low Earth Orbit…max 2000km altitude
Estimated Cost: $450 million
Areas of Interest: Climate, Health & Water
Instruments: KaRIN, Ku-band nadir altimeter, microwave radiometer
Mission Life Time: 03 years

5. Mission Objectives
To observe the fine details (closer spacing) of the ocean's surface topography, and measure how water bodies change over time.
Spatial Resolutions: 10 km, at present the resolution is 300 km.
Discharge measurement in large (50m-100m width) rivers
Northern Alberta Lakes, Canada

6. Remote Sensing Wide-swath altimetry technology
Designed to acquire high-resolution elevations at spatial and temporal scales
Active Sensors are a laser florosensor and a synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

7. Instruments Ka –or Ku-Band Radar………………….27.5-32GHz
Ku-Band Altimeter (Kurz-unten Band) GHz
Microwave Radiometer (MWR)
..Ka-Band radar is a new type named Ka-band Radar Interferometry (KaRIN). Wavelength, λ=0.86 cm
A conceptual outline of the KaRIN instrument configuration

8. Resolution 200 MHz bandwidth Cross-track ground resolutions
Varying from about 10 m in the far swath to about 60 m in the near swath
A resolution of about 2 m in the along track direction is derived by means of synthetic aperture processing.
Orbit shall be an exact repeat orbit with a maximum repeat period of 22 days.

9. Parameter Values of Mission
Mass: 150 Kgs
Frequency: 35 GHz
Operating Time/Orbit: 40%
Antenna Length: 4 m
Antenna Width: 0.20 m
Boresight Look angle: 3.5 deg
Baseline Length: 10 m

10. …Parameter Values of Mission
Orbit Height: 800 km
One-Sided Swath: 50 km
Number of Swaths: 2
Range Resolution: 0.75 m
Azimuth Resolution: 5 m
Raw Data Rate: 504 Mbits/s
Data Volume/Orbit: 76 Gbytes

11. …Parameter Values of Mission
Orbit Height: 800 Km
Orbit Type: 22-day repeat 78° inclination
Swath: 120 Km
Frequency: Ka-Band
Wavelength: 0.86 cm
Height Precision: km resolution
Spatial Resolution: <100 m imaging
Instrument: Interferometer

12. Data Collection & Processing
Instrument check (at least 3 months)
Space-Time Sampling
Repeating Period: 22-days
Calibration and Validation Phase
Ensure the required data volume and adequate spatial coverage (3-day sampling)
Verified by an independent measurement or analysis during a post-launch validation period
Sea surface heights (SSH) and terrestrial water heights over a 120 km wide swath with a +/-10 km gap at the nadir track

13. …Data Collection & Processing
In-situ cannot measure this
Over the deep oceans, provide SSH within each swath with a posting every 2 km x 2 km, and a precision not to exceed 0.5 cm when averaged over the area.
Over land, download the raw data for ground processing and produce a water mask able to resolve 100-m rivers and 1-km2 lakes, wetlands, or reservoirs.
Water level elevations with an accuracy of 10 cm and a slope accuracy of 1 cm/1 km.
Cover at least 90% of the globe.
Gaps are not to exceed 10% of Earth's surface.

14. A flooded forest in the Amazon
Expected Benefits
Improved water management in transboundary river basins
Improved prediction of carbon fluxes to and from wetlands
Improved flood and marine forecasts
Improved identification and forecasts of inundation and malaria zones
Improved prediction of changes of sea level rise.
A flooded forest in the Amazon

15. Expected Application
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River Basin-the flood forecasting range of the lowermost riparian nation is limited due to unavailable rainfall from upstream nations.

16. THANK YOU
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