Types and Uses of Fasteners Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Importance of Fasteners They simplify the manufacture of machines and structures. They reduce the need for large one piece parts. It is normally easier to make less complex components and fasten them together Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Importance cont. They simplify repair of structures and equipment. Individual component parts can simply and quickly be separated for inspection, repair, or replacement. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. They Provide Safety Use of fasteners tends to assure that once an assembly is fastened together it will hold together. They can also be installed to provide additional support or they be a weak links. (Ex. Shear pins, drive shafts, & breakaway plowshares) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

B. General types of Fasteners Bolts, nuts, and washers Screws Keys Studs Pins Rings Rivets Adhesives Nails etc. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Specific Types and uses of fasteners Bolts: are threaded lengths of steel rod with heads on one end. They are used with a nut at the other end and sometimes with a washer as well. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

American Standard Bolts Hexagon or Square Head Most have a hexagonal head (6-sided). Older square bolts have a 4- sided head. Without a nut they are called cap screws and are screwed into threaded holes. Bolts are selected by strength rating, chemical or heat compatibility. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Carriage Bolts Most have a round head with a square neck, under the head. Carriage bolts are used to fasten wood parts where a smooth finish is required. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Bolts Carriage bolt Plow bolt Cap Screw Hex Bolt Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Plow Bolts Counter sunk, square- neck carriage bolt. These have a flat, tapered head that fit into countersunk holes. Used when it is necessary for the head to lie flush with the surfaces of the part. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Nuts: Are flat, usually hexagonal shaped steel pieces with internally cut threads. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Castellated & Slotted nuts A. These are used when a cotter pin is placed through a hole in the bolt to secure the nit so it cannot come loose. Ex: Wheel bearing spindles Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Nuts Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Self Locking nuts A. Once tightened these nuts stay firmly in place. B. They are commonly known as “elastic” or plastic insert nuts. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Washers A. Plain washers: (flat washers) are steel disks with a hole in the center. B. They are used to reduce the stress under the bolt or nut. C. They spread a clamping force from the bolt over a larger area to span slots and oversize holes in wood Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Washers Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Lock Washers A. Helical spring washers are made of tough spring steel. B. Normally installed under the nut or bolt. C. They are used to prevent rotation of the nut. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Nails Nails are steel rods with a head on one end and usually pointed at the other end. They are used primarily to join wood together. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Nail size: Generally given in terms of “penny” “d” indicates the penny size Nails are sold by the pound at most hardware stores. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Penny Sizes Number per pound Penny Length (In) Common Box Finish 2d 3d 4d 8d 10d 16d 20d 1 1 ¼ 1 ½ 2 3 3 ¼ 4 830 578 316 168 106 69 49 8010 635 473 236 145 84 71 13151 807 584 309 189 121 90 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Common Nail This is a general all purpose construction nail suitable for framing structures. It has a larger diameter than the same size box nail Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Common Nail Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Box Nail Box Nail are used for end nailing and light household use. The point is dulled to prevent splitting the wood Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Box Nails                                                                                            Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Finish Nail This is a nail with a small head with a dimple in the center to allow for countersinking with a nail set. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Finish Nail Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Duplex Nails A duplex nail has two heads on the shank It is used to whenever a nail has to be removed. Ex when assembling concrete forms Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Duplex Nail Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Roofing Nails Used to secure shingles or roofing to the underlying structure They are normally available with either a spiral or helix head shank for extra holding power. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Roofing Nail Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Screws Screws are threaded lengths of steel rod with heads on one end. Screw heads may be slotted, cross slotted, square, or hexagonal. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved. Types of screws                                                                                                         Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

(c) 2006 Texas Trade & Industrial Education UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved. Building Trades: Fasteners (c) 2006 Texas Trade & Industrial Education