Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Foundations of American Education , 5th Edition

PowerPoint Presentation Chapter 13 Governance and Financing of Elementary and Secondary Schools PowerPoint Presentation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The Context of the Public Schools One person in five either attends or is employed in public elementary or secondary schools. The United States is unique in decentralization and local participation in schools. Textbooks create commonality in academic content. National curriculum standards provide similar instruction goals among states. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education Education at the Local Level Functions of local school districts adopt policies and regulations adopt state-approved curriculum link schools and community patrons L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) Education at the Local Level (continued) Functions of local school districts (continued) provide human and material resources provide and maintain facilities for instruction provide required information to the state’s department of education and other agencies L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) Education at the Local Level (continued) school boards superintendent of schools building principal pattern of school districts and enrollments in the states school district budgeting site-based management L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) Education at the Local Level (continued) Reasons for growth of charter schools choice public school staff seeking exemption from local and state regulations community interest in special schools school patrons seeking relief from regulations L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) Education at the State Level State department of education functions implement policies monitor schools for implementation of mandates disburse state funds provide citizens and state legislature information L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) Education at the State Level (continued) State department of education functions (continued) provide technical assistance collect and report school data be an advocate for public education L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) Education at the State Level (continued) State Boards of Education focus overall direction of state’s schools Chief State School Officer superintendent of public instruction or commissioner State Secretaries of Education cabinet position responsible to governor L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) The Federal Government and Education Federal role and involvement funding for special populations educational statistics and research research and demonstration projects student performance and assessment L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Organization for Education (continued) The Federal Government and Education (continued) U.S. Department of Education created in 1980; headed by secretary of education U.S. Secretary of Education member of President’s cabinet L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Financing Education Public Policy Goals in State School Finance Equity equal treatment of persons in equal circumstances Adequacy extent to which educational funding is sufficient Choice local control of funding decisions power of parents to select school L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Financing Education (continued) State School-Finance Programs equalized foundation grants equalized effort-oriented programs full state funding categorical grants state spending differences L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Financing Education (continued) Sources of Revenue for Schools Differences among states in source of tax revenues (see text Table 13.4, p. 348) Sources for nontax revenues school activity fees nonprofit educational foundations profit-making activities enterprise activities L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Financing Education (continued) The courts and school finance Federal aid for elementary and secondary schools education of special needs youth educational research and assessment L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Private Education college-preparatory schools religious-instruction schools military-training schools proprietary schools private school enrollments (6.3 million) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Current Issues in Organizing and Financing Education The New Federal Role No Child Left Behind directed at every student and every teacher the purpose is to raise student achievement Expanded State and Local Responsibilities develops and expands student-assessment systems provides technical assistance to schools places sanctions on schools that continue to fail L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Current Issues in Organizing and Financing Education (continued) Accountability State graduation requirements entrance exams for teachers school and school district report cards content standards for disciplines standardized tests “no pass, no play” requirements Federal must see a detailed state plan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Current Issues in Organizing and Financing Education (continued) Funding an Adequate Education federal funding provides about half the 20-30% increase in educational expenditures estimated to be necessary for No Child Left Behind Enrollment Increases projected 50 million enrollments by 2014 L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.