Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Chapter 2 Personality Ability Learning

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Personality = Personality is defined as the sum total of ways that an individual reacts and interacts with others. Its an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Set of traits and characteristics that form a pattern distinguishing one person from all the others

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Personality We are often told to “be yourself.” When in a leadership role, “Be yourself” may be the worst advice you can give some people. T. Masson

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Personality Where does one’s personality come from? Heredity – Some set the parameters at birth. Some say as much as percent. Environment – Culture conditions, norms, church, family, friends, social groups. Attitude - is a portion of personality and is Situational Different situations will influence behavior.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Core Early Childhood Environment Life Environments Personality Formation (onion)

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Personality Type A personality: seem to always be moving. * usually walk and eat rapidly. are always trying to do several things at once. have problems relaxing, often feeling it is time wasted. are often obsessed with numbers and with trying to acquire things.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Personality Type B people: never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. plan for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost. can relax without guilt.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Other Personality Descriptors * Self-Monitoring Internal and external locus of control. * Internal Locus - the perception that one controls one’s own fate (Cope effectively with stress) External Locus - the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate Self-Esteem Use of Myers-Briggs or Jungian 16- Type Indicators

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Myers-Briggs (Jung Type Indicators) Extraversion Sociable, chooses people as a source of energy, need for sociability Introversion Prefers solitude to recover energy, territorial, “alone” when surrounded by people Intuition Innovative, visionary, lines metaphors, daydreams Sensation Practical, wants facts, remembers facts, down to earth, remain in reality Thinking Impersonal basis of choice, objective and logical Feeling * Personal basis of choice, emotion-laden decisions Sympathetic, appreciative Judging Closure, establish deadlines Perceiving Open and Fluid, ignores deadlines

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Types of Ability ** What is “Ability?” An individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Ability is divided into intellectual and physical ability.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Intellectual Abilities Intellectual Abilities – Those abilities required to do mental activities such as verbal comprehension, inductive and deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, memory and number aptitude.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Physical Abilities Physical Abilities – Those abilities required to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics. The Ability-Job Fit – An employee’s performance is enhanced when there is a high ability-job fit.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Learning * Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. Learning involves changing behaviors. How do we as leaders bring about change?

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Three Theories of Learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Learning Classical conditioning – An individual responds to some stimulus that would not usually produce such a response. trains/ trains/ ** Operant conditioning – A type of conditioning in which a desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents punishment.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Social Learning Social learning is learning through experience, i.e., peer pressure. Much of the behavior in the classroom is a result of social learning, i.e., a student raises his hand to be recognized.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Four Learning Styles Bodily – Kinesthetic Visual – Spatial Verbal – Linguistic Logical – Mathematical

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Learning Styles Bodily – Kinesthetic Study in a group. Think in practical uses. Pace and recite while learning. Act out material. Use flash cards. Teach the material.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Learning Styles Visual – Spatial Add diagrams to notes. Organize notes in outline form. Connect related facts in notes. Color-code notes using different colored highlighters.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Learning Styles Verbal – Linguistic Talk about what you learn. Read the textbook and highlight no more than 10 percent. Rewrite your notes. Outline chapters. Recite information.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Learning Styles Logical – Mathematical Study in a quiet setting. When reading, stop periodically to reflect on what you have read. Study applications, causes and effects of material. Write short summaries of material.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Application Every person is unique. (DNA and Mind) Understand your own personality and use the information to adjust your own behavior for improved results. Instead of making value judgments about other people’s personalities, accept these differences and use this information to understand and predict behavior.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Summary By gaining a better understanding of different personalities, abilities, and learning styles, we can better understand and predict the behavior of others as well as ourselves.