The Use and Misuse of Cosmetic Surgery By Belinda and Kelsie

Have you ever thought about getting cosmetic surgery of any kind? Let’s see if this changes your mind...

What is cosmetic surgery? Corrective, restoration, enhancement Cosmetic surgery vs. Reconstructive surgery Aesthetic gain vs. functional ability “surgery” can include lasers and veneers, not necessarily surgical procedures

Types of surgery Lifts- face, neck, thigh, arm, eye Rhinoplasty ( nose job) Breast augmentation, reduction, reconstruction Liposuction Skin grafts Botox Laser- tattoo removal, hair removal, skin rejuvenation Otoplasty/microtia – ear reconstruction Permanent makeup

Cosmetic misuses Impossible ideal of beauty Conform to society’s view of “normal” Reduce ethnic differences – nose, eyes, facial contouring Body dysmorphic disorder Surgical addiction

Ethnic plastic surgery “Imperialism of a culture to the detriment of another” Ethnic Asian face contouring Ethnic rhinoplasty Double eye lid surgery

Celebrity Cosmetic Abuse Michael Jackson Pete Burns Donatella Versace Lizardman Jocelyn Wildenstein Michaela Romanini

Reconstructive uses Sophie Delizio – positive, functional outcomes Improve disfigurements – cleft palate Breast cancer – breast reconstruction - femininity Blepharoplasty (drooping eye lids) – eye sight Trauma and emergency corrective surgery

Reconstructive uses Sophie Delezio (burn victim) Blepharoplasty Cleft palate Breast reconstruction after a mastectomy

Borderline usage Seeking youthful appearance Increase job prospects Reflects society’s value system

Ethical guidelines for a surgeon Academic qualifications Training and experience Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons Patient consent versus ethical responsibility “”do no harm” vs patient request - number of surgeries - age of patient - risk factors - mental and emotional state of patient Full disclosure of procedure information

Ethical considerations as a patient Recovery time Financial burdens Immediate health risks – infection - nerve damage - bleeding, bruising Long term health implications Botched surgery/disfiguration – reconstructive surgery Unrealistic expectations – depression - addiction -psychological trauma When to STOP Implant deformity

How young is too young? Elective surgery No age limitations Parental agreement/consent Limited ability to evaluate risks Further physical and emotional growth and development Inability to make mature, informed decision

Motivations behind surgery Social and media pressures – idealisation - commercial consumerism - conformity - peer pressure - racial differences Self esteem and self image Consumer demands/consumer driven Affordability Medical reasons – accident - injury Work/ career opportunities

Easy access = trivial decision Online purchasing – Do it yourself ‘Botox’ parties Financing availability ‘back alley’ surgery – unqualified - any medical degree Overseas surgery – cheaper - recovery time

Is anyone still considering getting cosmetic surgery of any kind done?

References: Australian Society for Plastic Surgeons. (2011). Retrieved 2011, from Australian Society for Plastic Surgeons: www.plasticsurgery.org.au De Sousa. (2007). Concerns about cosmetic Surgery. Retrieved 2011, from Indian Journal of Medical Ethics: www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/154co171.html Dittmann. (2005). Plastic Surgery: Beauty or beast? Retrieved 2011, from American Psychological Association: www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx Izenberg, & Dowshen. (2009). Plastic Surgery. Retrieved 2011, from Kids Health.org: www.kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/beautiful/plastic_surgery.html Mantese, Pfeiffer, & McClinton. (2011). Cosmetic Surgery and Informed Consent: Legal and Ethical Considerations. Retrieved 2011, from www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleid=957&volumeid=74 Ray. (2011). Plastic Surgery - A Misused Technology Indicatin a deep social malfunction. Retrieved 2011, from Ezine@rticles: www.EzineArticles.com/?expert=Surajit_Ray Zuckerman, & Abraham. (2008). Teenagers and Cosmetic Surgery: Focus on Breast Augmentation and Liposuction. Journal of Adolescent Health.

Image References: http://bodygeeks.com/2011/08/plastic-surgery-gone-wrong-5-guys-who-should have-stuck-with-just-for-men/ http://www.topsocialite.com/the-15-worst-celebrity-plastic-surgery-disasters-you-will-ever-see/ http://celebritygossipclub.com/2010/04/heidi-montags-new-bikini-body/ http://momgrind.com/2009/01/26/plastic-surgery/ http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2006/05/26/1148524853903.html?from=rss http://www.horvathplasticsurgery.com/gallery/gallery.php?page=Breast%20Reconstruction%20for%20Cancer&num=1 http://www.horvathplasticsurgery.com/html/face.html