Ballast water Development of an environmentally friendly technology to treat ballastwater on ships

The company Founded 2009 Focus: plant technologies in the field of water treatment In particular through using ultrasound and UV light Research and development Consultation in the field of holistic water management "Our task lies in developing solutions ready for the market from innovations which follow the thought of profitability AND environmental friendliness

What is ballast water Necessary to stabilise ships Taken into tanks or fuselage covers Pumping in and out is done on the open sea Ships carry approx. 10 billion tons per year

The problem Sea water, mostly taken up in ports, contains a large number of organisms, adult animals, algae, larvae, eggs, bacteria and viruses. When draining the ballast water in the port of destination, such organisms are released and can be implanted in the ecological system at the destination and consequently cause considerable ecological and economic damage.

Spreading of organisms and the consequences of this Destruction of the ecological balance through introducing invasive species (mitten crabs, comb jellyfish) Danger to human health through pathogens and poisonous algal blooms Economic damage Destruction of wooden structures and the basic fishing industry as well as blocked cooling water pipes Shipworm in the Baltic Sea → incurred costs since 1993 approx. € 30 million Mitten crab in German waters → incurred costs approx. € 73– 85 million

Solution approach IMO established the Ballast Water Agreement in 2004 Introduction of ballast water management from 2010 resp. 2016 Ratification in Federal Republic of Germany planned from 2010 (at the latest 2013) Waiver of uncontrolled water exchange upon taking in/discharging water Treatment of ballast water on board Achieving the standard D2 from 2016 Ballast Water Agreement comes into force 12 months after ratification by at least 30 states with worldwide at least 35 % share of gross tonnage At present 18 states with 15.27 %

Overview Standard D1 and D2 The D1 standard (ballast water exchange) Exchange of ballast water at sea Limited efficiency Safety risk for crew Interim solution The D2 standard (ballast water treatment) D2 standard binding after ratification Ballast water treatment on board Stipulated value for microorganisms per m³

The D2 standard in detail Requirements of ballast water compilation < 10 viable organisms > 50 µm minimum size per m³ and < 10 viable organisms < 50 µm and > 10 µm minimum size per ml Concentration for releasing pilot microbes Vibrio cholerae < 1 KBE per 100 ml or 1g zooplankton Escheria coli < 250 KBE per 100 ml Intestine enterococci

Zusammengefasste biologische Ergebnisse bei Tests in Bremerhaven mit geringen Salzgehalt (23,8 PSU) Low salinity [23,8 PSU] Uptake Discharge Organisms groups Unit Control Treated IMO limit Organisms > 50 µm Org./ m³ 8,3+E5 2,15+E4 2,43 10 / m³ Organisms 10 – 50 µm Org./ ml 1391 138 < 10 10 / ml Organisms < 10 µm 5026 505 Not required Escherichia coli cfu / 100 ml < 0,1 250 cfu / 100 ml Intestinal Enterococci <1 100 cfu / 100 ml Vibrio cholerae n.a. 1 cfu / 100 ml

Zeit zu Handeln

Overview of processes used up to now in ballast water treatment plants Chemische Verfahren Chlor Ozon Peressigsäure Chlordioxid Physikalische Verfahren UV Ultraschall Kavitation Pre treatment through filtration, flocculation, hydrocyclone. etc.

Responsibilities and approvals IMO (when using active substances) On a national level (in Germany: BSH = German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency) On an international level (IMO = International Maritime Organisation) Necessary for approval No danger for stability of the ship Fulfilment of D2 standard → effective Reliability and environmental compatibility

Approved facilities with final approval - chemical

Boundaries of current plant technologies Up to now the water to be taken in was freed of sediments and larger organisms through filtration or the cyclone effect and subsequently sanitized through disinfection processes. The energy and time consuming flush back processes of the filter are very complex. Conventional plants with UVC radiation causes less efficiency with a high energy intake, in particular in murky or discoloured waters. Chemicals for disinfection purposes are used directly or through being generated on the ship itself, which are ultimately released when discharging the water. Plants using chemicals will no longer be used in future when other processes are developed, approved and produced.

Ballast water treatment using the Mundus Fluid Technology

Mundus Filter BW 500 comprising many layers of VA membranes and a specially developed, patented suction technology with high performance capability can achieve flow rates of 50³/h - 500 m ³/h with a pore size of 20 µm for ballast water. In so doing only a slight fall in pressure occurs of below 0.3 bars. The automatic self cleaning of the filter is achieved on the basis of the vacuum system. Individual flow rates of 10 m³/h and over 1,000 m³/h can be achieved in a modular and parallel construction. This makes it possible to filter high concentrations of deposits.

Filters with vacuum cleaning Vacuum cleaning during the filtering ensures a perfect cleaning of the active filter surface. Adjustable distances between filters and upper part and extraction nozzle increase the service life and performance of the filter. High filtering flow rate. Filter sizes of 2 µm to 200 µm possible.

Development of an environmentally friendly technology regarding ballast water treatment on ships The Mundus Fluid Technology is characterised by an improved filter technique and the optimisation of UVC radiation, which leads to a considerable reduction in energy requirements. Using chemical methods is entirely avoided. The disinfection is done through UVC radiation, which is, however, significantly increased in its effectiveness through an optimised glass and lamp geometry. Murky or discoloured waters can be disinfected without the increased use of UV lamps. The glasses are cleaned through ultrasound at intervals to ensure consistent disinfection.

Test with first prototypes successfully concluded . The first test series is concluded after the completion and application of prototypes. With flow rates of 250 - 500 m³ per hour, a unique, self-cleaning filter technique of 20 µ as well as a patented special process of UV light with ultrasound technology, success was achieved in sterilising over 1.000,000 m³ port water without having to clean the filters in the meanwhile. The filters also didn’t close during the phase of algae growth.

Capital investment in a market worth billions Mundus Fluid AG is looking for cooperation partners for further, land- based tests, initial installations on ships as well as for the approval of the new technologies in the field of ballast water. The entire ballast water market will amount to approx. € 24 billion in the next five years with expected returns on investment being far above 10 %. On this basis, we are looking for cooperation partners and investors, shipyards and companies from the shipping industry, who wish to develop this new market jointly with us.

Kontakt Mundus Fluid AG Rilkeweg 24 28355 Bremen Telefon: +49 421 25 85 385 Telefax: +49 421 25 85 347 E-Mail: info@mundusfluid.de Internet: www.mundus-fluid.de „Technologie – Ressourcen – Zukunft."