1. Proposed Amendments to Title 2, Division 3, Chapter 1, Article 4.7 Performance Standards and Assessment Protocols for the Discharge of Ballast Water for Vessels Operating in California Waters Amanda Newsom, PhD Sea Grant Fellow, CSLC Marine Invasive Species Program

2. “The Commission, in coordination with the United States Coast Guard, shall take samples of ballast water and sediment from at least 25 percent of the arriving vessels subject to this division, examine documents, and make other appropriate inquiries to assess the compliance of any vessel subject to this division.” California Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 71206.

3. Specific protocols for collection, handling and assessment Based on EPA ETV protocols, modified to allow shipboard sampling Clarification of definitions and regulatory language Proposed amendments are necessary to assess compliance with California law

4. Proposed changes to regulatory text Clarification and definitions (Section 2291,2292) Bring 2CCR (Section 2293) language in line with standards in PRC (Section 71205.3)

5. Grandfathering provisions (Section 2297b) In recognition that: 1)A ballast water treatment system (BWTS) may need to be installed on certain vessels 2)BWTS installation represents a significant investment Protocols to evaluate compliance in place at the time of BWTS installation will be used to evaluate same vessel’s ballast water for 10 years following installation date

6. Sampling port specifications (Section 2297c) Original specifications were based on EPA ETV protocols -Adopted by USCG -Diameter calculated for isokinetic sampling Proposed amendments reflect industry concerns that ETV specifications were too technical and complicated -4” diameter port prevents sample cross-contamination -Allows sample disposal to ballast system Concern raised regarding federal pre-emption - Article 4.7 already contains sampling port specifications -Port is not a requirement for operation in California -85% vessel arrivals comply with CA standards by not discharging Installation of California-compliant port is not expected to conflict with federal port specifications

7. Proposed protocols for evaluating compliance with ballast water discharge standards Establish clear, detailed protocols for compliance assessment (Section 2297 d-e) Necessary to assess compliance with California law Provide data to determine whether ballast water treatment systems are operating as represented Assessment methods proposed will work for many standards, including California’s

8. Organisms >50 microns Method: Counting under light microscope Standard: No detectable living organisms Need a method to define “ No detectable living organism” standard Not equivalent to a “zero” standard

9. Organisms 10 – 50 microns Method: Fluorescent staining of living organisms Standard: Equal to or less than 0.01 living organisms per milliliter (38 living organisms/gallon) Not sensitive enough to detect concentrations as low as the standards Best available methods set limits to which compliance can be evaluated

10. Examples: Best available methods set limits Clean Water Act (EPA) – NPDES permit for Shell Martinez Refinery – Effluent objectives for dioxins below detection limits California Ocean Plan (CA State Water Board) – PCBs Objective (law): 0.000019 micrograms per liter Detection Limit (permits): 0.5 micrograms per liter

11. Bacteria Method: Filtration and plate counts Standard: Equal to or less than 1,000 bacteria/100 ml Long-established proxy for total bacteria Method can test to California standard

12. Escherichia coli (E.coli) Method: Plate counts Standard: Equal to or less than 126 CFU/100 ml Standard reflects state and EPA water quality standards for recreational waters Proposed method reflects EPA-approved detection methods Method can test to California standard

13. Intestinal enterococci Method: Plate counts Standard: Equal to or less than 33 CFU/100 ml Standard reflects state and EPA recreational water quality standards Proposed method reflects EPA-approved detection methods Method can test to California standard

14. Vibrio cholerae (O1 & O139) Method: Plate counts Standard: Equal to or less than 1 CFU/100 ml Method can test to California standard

15. Organism size classCA standardDetection method proposed Can test to standard? >50 micronsNo detectable living organisms Light microscopyYes 10 - 50 microns< 0.01 living organisms/ml Fluorescent stainingNot yet. Detection LIMITS show compliance. Bacteria< 10 3 bac./100 mlFiltration and plate countsYes Escherichia coli< 126 CFU/100 mlPlate countsYes Intestinal enterococci< 33 CFU/100 mlPlate countsYes Vibrio cholerae< 1 CFU/100 mlPlate countsYes Grandfathering provision allows companies time to catch up when protocols become more sensitive Sampling port is a condition for ballast water discharge to California waters, is not expected to conflict with federal sampling port requirements, and reflects stakeholder input Protocols are flexible enough to test to standards other than those that exist in current California law In Summary

16. Proposed amendments are reasonable, necessary and supported by state and federal precedent Reasonable – reflect best available science and input from stakeholders Necessary – include protocols and clear regulatory language required to fulfill Legislature’s mandate Supported by precedent – based upon compliance evaluation protocols used by other state and federal jurisdictions (CA State Water Board, USEPA)

17. FORMAL PRESENTATION ENDS HERE. Additional information on detection limits, statutory discharge standards and water quality standards/objectives is provided on the following slides. Can be elaborated upon as requested.

18. California law is more protective than IMO D-2 standards for ballast water discharge CA Ecosystem Protection Act 2006 -IMO standards are not an improvement on ballast water exchange -In keeping with federal Clean Air and Clean Water Acts Legislature charged Commission with assessment of compliance with statutory performance standards (PRC Section 71206) Existing assessment methods can test to standards more protective than IMO

19. Sixteen additional examples of detection limits from CA Ocean Plan Concentrations in micrograms per liter (µg/l) ContaminantObjectivesDetection limit NameDescriptionInst. Max30 day avg(most sensitive) 3,3'-dichlorobenzidineCarcinogen 0.00815 AcrylonitrileCarcinogen0.12 AldrinCarcinogen/Pesticide 0.0000220.005 BenzidineCarcinogen 0.0000695 BerylliumCarcinogen 0.0330.5 Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methaneToxic organic 4.45 Bis(2-chloroethyl) etherCarcinogen 0.0451 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateCarcinogen 3.55 ChlordaneCarcinogen 0.0000230.1 DDTCarcinogen/Pesticide 0.000170.11 DieldrinCarcinogen 0.000040.01 EndrinCarcinogen/Pesticide0.006 0.01 HeptachlorCarcinogen 0.000050.01 Heptachlor epoxideCarcinogen 0.000020.01 HexachlorobenzeneCarcinogen 0.000211 ToxapheneCarcinogen/Pesticide 0.000210.5

20. Contaminant Objectives Detection Limits (Minimum levels) NameDescription6-mo. medianDaily maxInst. max30 day avgDCPFAAGFAAICPSPCFAAICPMSCVAAGCGCMS 3,3'-dichlorobenzidineCarcinogen 0.0081 5 AcrylonitrileCarcinogen 0.122 AldrinCarcinogen/Pesticide 0.0000220.01 BenzidineCarcinogen 0.0000695 BerylliumCarcinogen 0.0331000200.521 Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methaneToxic organic 4.45 Bis(2-chloroethyl) etherCarcinogen 0.045101 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateCarcinogen 3.5105 ChlordaneCarcinogen 0.0000230.1 DDTCarcinogen/Pesticide 0.000170.11 DieldrinCarcinogen 0.000040.01 EndrinCarcinogen/Pesticide0.0020.0040.006 0.01 HeptachlorCarcinogen 0.000050.01 Heptachlor epoxideCarcinogen 0.000020.01 HexachlorobenzeneCarcinogen0.0002151 MercuryToxic inorganic0.040.160.4 0.50.2 ToxapheneCarcinogen/Pesticide 0.00021 0.5 Further information on approved detection methods as they appear in CA Ocean Plan

21. size class # orgs detected volume analyzed detectable concentrationCA standardIMO standard >5013 m^3 0.3 organisms/cubic meterN/D 10 organisms/cubic meter 10-50112 ml0.1 organism/ml0.01 organism/ml10 organisms/ml total bacteria1 100 microliters1000 organisms/100 ml NO STANDARD Further detail on standards and detection limits

22. Organisms 10 – 50 microns Detection Limits Can detect to 0.1 organisms per milliliter ~10X higher than CA standard ~100X lower than IMO standard

23. Long-established proxy for total marine bacteria Used in scientific studies of marine environments Alternative: flow cytometry, directly counts individual particles (bacteria) – Sample handling, variance – Determined non-optimal by TAG Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria: Bacteria (Organisms <10 microns)

24. State and federal water quality standards for bacteria Bacterial Group Recreational water quality contact standards CA ballast water standards Federal standardCA standard Escherichia coli< 126 cfu/100ml Intestinal enterococci< 33 cfu/100ml Intestinal enterococci and E. coli are correlated with gastrointestinal illness in humans.