Overview of JT-60SA Research Plan revision in 2011 G. Giruzzia), M. Beurskensb), T. Bolzonellac), D. Borbad), C. Daye), E. Joffrina), P. Lauberf), R. Neuf), F. Orsittog) , M. Romanellib), C. Sozzih) JT-60SA EU Research Unit a) CEA/Cadarache, b) CCFE/Culham, c) Consorzio RFX/Padova, d) EFDA/Garching, e) KIT/Karlsruhe, f) IPP/Garching, g) ENEA/Frascati, h) IFP/Milano https://www2.efda.org/physicswiki/index.php?title=EU_Contribution_to_JT60-SA_Research_Plan 4/06/2012

Outline JT-60SA: main facts The JT-60SA Research Plan The JT-60SA Research Unit EU activities carried out in 2011 Conclusions sources: - Public JT-60SA web site: http://www.jt60sa.org/b/index.htm - S. Ishida, seminar at JET, March 2011 - Y. Kamada, seminar at Cadarache, Dec. 2010 - S. Ishida et al., Fus. Eng. Des. 85 (2010) 2070 - Y. Kamada et al., IAEA 2010, Nucl. Fus. 51 (2011) 073011 - JT-60SA Research Plan, v3.0 (Dec. 2011) [http://www.jt60sa.org/pdfs/JT-60SA_Res_Plan.pdf] 4/06/2012

The satellite tokamak programme S. Ishida, 2011 4/06/2012

The JT-60SA tokamak * S = q95Ip/(aBt) * S. Ishida, 2011 4/06/2012

The JT-60SA project schedule (2012 revision) TF: Toroidal Field EF: Equilibrium Field CS: Central Solenoid VV: Vacuum Vessel SNU: Switching Network Unit QPC: Quench Protection Circuits SCM: Superconducting Magnet PS: Power Supply S. Ishida, 2012 4/06/2012

The JT-60SA phased operation plan S. Ishida, 2011 4/06/2012

The JT-60SA scientific objectives Contribute to early realization of fusion energy by: supporting the exploitation of ITER complementing ITER in resolving key issues for DEMO The most important goal of JT-60SA is: to decide the practically acceptable DEMO plasma design including practical and reliable plasma control schemes In the original JA view, the DEMO design reference for JT-60SA is an ‘economically attractive (= compact) steady-state’ reactor * * Slim-CS design (R=5.5 m, bN=4.3) K. Tobita et al., Nucl. Fusion 49 (2009) 075029 S. Ishida, 2011 4/06/2012

The JT-60SA Research Plan (SARP) Y. Kamada, 2011 4/06/2012

Structure of the JT-60SA Research Plan Ch.1 Introduction Ch.2 Research Strategy of JT-60SA Ch.3 Operation Regime Development Ch.4 MHD Stability and Control Ch.5 Transport and Confinement Ch.6 High Energy Particle Behaviour Ch.7 Pedestal and Edge Characteristics Ch.8 Divertor, SOL and PMI Ch.9 Fusion Engineering Ch.10 Theoretical models and simulation codes APPENDIX A: Heating and Current Drive Systems B: Divertor Power Handling and Particle Control Systems  Ch.8 C: Stability Control Systems  Ch.4 D: Plasma Diagnostics Systems E: Magnetic field ripple  Ch.6 F: Operational scenarios  Ch.3 G: Design guidelines for additional components  Ch.9 SARP v3.0: ~ 150 pages 11 main subjects JA and EU Responsible Officers 4/06/2012

The JT-60SA Research Unit (2011) 4/06/2012

EU contributors* to JT-60SA Physics activities Aalto Un. /Helsinki Antti Salmi CCFE /Culham Marc Beurskens, Clive Challis, Ian Chapman, Ian Jenkins, Andrew Kirk, Joëlle Mailloux, Luca Garzotti, Michele Romanelli, Sergei Sharapov, Irina Voitsekhovitch CEA /Cadarache Jean-François Artaud, Marina Bécoulet, Clarisse Bourdelle, Jérôme Bucalossi, Joan Decker, David Douai, Gloria Falchetto, Jeronimo Garcia, Eric Gauthier, Gerardo Giruzzi, Marc Goniche, Tuong Hoang, Emmanuel Joffrin, Xavier Litaudon, Philippe Lotte, Didier Mazon, Philippe Moreau, Mireille Schneider, Jean-Marcel Travère, Jean-Claude Vallet CIEMAT /Madrid Emilia Solano CNRS /Marseille Sadruddin Benkadda CREATE /Napoli Alfredo Pironti CRPP /Lausanne Olivier Sauter EFDA /Garching Duarte Borba ENEA /Frascati Emilia Barbato, Francesco Orsitto ERM /Brussels Jef Ongena FOM /Nieuwegein Marco de Baar, Peter De Vries FZ /Jülich Yunfeng Liang, Sven Wiesen F4E /Barcelona Roberta Sartori IFP /Milano Alessandro Bruschi, Daniela Farina, Lorenzo Figini, Paola Mantica, Silvana Nowak, Carlo Sozzi, Marco Tardocchi IPP /Garching Clemente Angioni, Garrard Conway, Philipp Lauber, Karl Lackner, Rudolf Neu, Gabriella Pautasso, Marco Wischmeier JET /Culham Isabel Nunes, George Sips KIT /Karlsruhe Lorenzo Boccaccini, Fabio Cismondi, Christian Day NTUA /Athens Avrilios Lazaros RFX /Padova Matteo Baruzzo, Tommaso Bolzonella, Roberto Pasqualotto University of York Howard Wilson * underlined names: Technical Responsible Officers 4/06/2012

EU contributors, list by chapters Chapter 2 Duarte Borba, Clive Challis, Gerardo Giruzzi, Karl Lackner, Francesco Orsitto Chapter 3 Jean-François Artaud, Marco de Baar, Clive Challis, Jeronimo Garcia, Gerardo Giruzzi, Emmanuel Joffrin, Xavier Litaudon, Joëlle Mailloux, Isabel Nunes, Roberta Sartori, George Sips, Marco Wischmeier Chapter 4 Marina Bécoulet, Sadruddin Benkadda, Tommaso Bolzonella, Ian Chapman, Peter De Vries, Emmanuel Joffrin, Avrilios Lazaros, Didier Mazon, Philippe Moreau, Silvana Nowak, Gabriella Pautasso, Alfredo Pironti, Olivier Sauter Chapter 5 Clemente Angioni, Emilia Barbato, Clarisse Bourdelle, Luca Garzotti, Paola Mantica, Michele Romanelli Chapter 6 Duarte Borba, Sergei Sharapov, Philipp Lauber, Francesco Orsitto Chapter 7 Marina Bécoulet, Marc Beurskens, Tommaso Bolzonella, Andrew Kirk, Yunfeng Liang, Emilia Solano, Howard Wilson Chapter 8 Jérôme Bucalossi, Christian Day, David Douai, Rudolf Neu, Sven Wiesen, Marco Wischmeier Chapter 9 Lorenzo Boccaccini, Fabio Cismondi, Christian Day Chapter 10 Emilia Barbato, Matteo Baruzzo, Sadruddin Benkadda, Joan Decker, Gloria Falchetto, Jeronimo Garcia, Gerardo Giruzzi, Emmanuel Joffrin, Xavier Litaudon, Mireille Schneider, Irina Voitsekhovitch, Marco Wischmeier Appendix A Clive Challis, David Douai, Daniela Farina, Lorenzo Figini, Gerardo Giruzzi, Marc Goniche, Tuong Hoang, Ian Jenkins, Silvana Nowak, Jef Ongena, Antti Salmi, Carlo Sozzi Appendix D Alessandro Bruschi, Garrard Conway, Peter De Vries, Eric Gauthier, Philippe Lotte, Didier Mazon, Silvana Nowak, Francesco Orsitto, Roberto Pasqualotto, Gabriella Pautasso, Carlo Sozzi, Marco Tardocchi, Jean-Marcel Travère, Jean-Claude Vallet 4/06/2012

EFDA activities carried out in 2011 Involvement of EU physicists in the elaboration of the JT-60SA scientific programme is a precise request of the JA project team A EU Physics Unit already exists since 2009,establishing contacts with the JA team, organising presentations in the EU labs, etc. JA-EU agreement: the next versions of the Research Plan (starting from v 3.0, by end 2011) should be co-signed by JA and EU Research Units Critical analysis of the Research Plan is a very good way to start collaboration in view of a common exploitation of the machine In the elaboration of a scientific programme,modelling of JT-60SA operation scenarios plays a primary role  Activities programmed by EFDA for 2011: modelling of JT-60SA plasmas (through ISM group) revision of the Research Plan 4/06/2012

Modelling of JT-60SA plasmas Modelling of JT-60SA plasmas has started in 2011, in the framework of the ITER Scenario Modelling group (ITM-Task Force) This is a multiannual activity, accompanying the preparation, then the operation phase of the JT-60SA project It presently consists of: 0.5-D modelling to check the main scenario parameters 1.5 D modelling using EU integrated tokamak modelling codes H&CD modelling MHD modelling 4/06/2012

Revision of the Research Plan /1 An EFDA call for interest has been sent on 20th April 2011 A coordinator has been appointed A team of high-level experts has been assembled for this task: Total: ~70 France (25), Italy (11), UK (9), Germany (10), JET+EFDA+F4E (5), Greece (1), Switzerland (3), The Netherlands (2), Belgium (1), Finland (1), Spain (1) 10 countries, 20 Institutes are represented ITPA members: 11 JET Task Force leaders or deputies: 4 Topical Groups, H&CD CC’s, ITM, ISM (leaders or deputies): 9 Technical Responsible Officers (TRO) have been appointed for each chapter and relevant Appendix. They were in charge of: collecting the comments and coordinating discussion with other EU experts discussing with the corresponding JA Responsible Officer and finding an agreement on extensions and modifications of the Research Plan New version of the Research Plan completed and issued (Dec. 2011) 4/06/2012

Revision of the Research Plan /2 Milestones (2011): 5 May : first presentation of this activity at the EFDA General Planning Meeting 23-24 May : first meeting in Frascati to organise and start the activity June: EU TROs nomination and approval by EFDA Steering Committee 27 June : Task Agreement issued by EFDA: 3.7 ppy allocated in 2011 28 June : satellite meeting on JT-60SA organised at EPS (Strasbourg) 7 July : 1st plenary meeting between EU and JA TROs June-September: remote meeting(s) of the EU groups and with JA TROs Mid-October: first draft of written comments and modifications (discussed with the corresponding JA TROs) have been produced for most chapters 24-27 October : 1st Research Coordination meeting with JA team in Japan November-December: writing of v3.0; iterations with the EU experts End of 2011: public issue of v3.0 4/06/2012

Ch. 2: Research strategy of JT-60SA D. Borba, C. Challis, G. Giruzzi, K. Lackner, F. Orsitto supporting the exploitation of ITER : demonstrate integrated performance of ITER scenarios, with similar control techniques optimise NTM and RWM control schemes perform burn simulation experiments study pedestal structure and ELM properties in a wide range of collisionality resolving key physics issues for DEMO : understand self-regulating plasma systems demonstrate steady-state sustainment of the required integrated plasma performance extend operational boundaries: high bN, bootstrap and Greenwald fractions, Ip ramp-up with minimum use of CS coil, ITBs, divertor radiation, etc. develop plasma control schemes with minimum actuator power and simplified diagnostics main EU proposals : integrate JT-60SA research strategy in the worldwide fusion programme in particular, link to the programme of EU machines connect to DEMO strategy in a wider context (e.g.: choice between pulsed and steady-state) 4/06/2012

Advanced Inductive (hybrid) Ch. 3: Operation Scenarios J.F. Artaud, M. de Baar, C. Challis, J. Garcia, G. Giruzzi, E. Joffrin, X. Litaudon, J. Mailloux, I. Nunes, R. Sartori, G. Sips, M. Wischmeier #1 #2 #3 #4-1 #4-2 #5-1 #5-2 #6 Full Current Inductive DN, 41MW SN, 41MW SN, 30MW High dens. ITER like Inductive SN, 34MW Advanced Inductive (hybrid) High bN full-CD 37MW High fG 30MW 300s 13MW Plasma current, Ip (MA) 5.5 4.6 3.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 Toroidal field, Bt (T) 2.25 2.28 1.71 1.62 1.41 q95 ~3 ~4.4 ~5.8 ~6 ~4 R/a (m/m) 2.96 / 1.18 2.93 / 1.14 2.97 / 1.11 Aspect ratio A 2.5 2.6 2.7 Elongation, x 1.95 1.87 1.86 1.81 1.80 1.90 1.91 Triangularity, x 0.53 0.50 0.41 0.47 0.45 0.51 Normalised beta, bN 3.1 2.8 3.0 4.3 Elec. density (1019m-3) 6.3 10. 9.1 6.9 5.0 5.3 Greenwald fract. fG 0.5 0.8 0.85 1.0 0.39 Padd (MW) PNNB/PPNB/PEC (MW) 41 10/24/7 30 10/20/0 34 10/24/0 37 10/20/7 6/17/7 13.2 3.2/6/4 Thermal conf. time (s) 0.54 0.68 0.52 0.36 0.23 0.25 0.3 HH98 (v.2) 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.38 Vloop (V) 0.06 0.15 0.12 0.07 0.02 Neutron pr. rate (n/s) 1.3 1017 7.0 1016 6.7 1016 5.4 1016 4.5 1016 2.9 1016 1.2 1016 4/06/2012

Ch. 3: Operation regime development. Experimental phases target values 4/06/2012

Ch. 3: Operation regime development. Main EU proposals Introduce the scenario details for the H-mode in hydrogen. hybrid scenario development with q95~4 Introduce radiative scenario requirements for each scenario in order to reach ~2 resistive times with the first divertor (i.e. ~30s with10MW/m2 for 10s) Introduce a dominated electron heated scenario at maximum field. This may require revisiting the available electron heating power level. Introduce 3 research lines on the scenario for DEMO: High bN for the study of MHD limits and control High bP for the study of non-inductive regimes and control High density above Greenwald with the metallic divertor Discuss from the scenario point of view the alternative option to change to the metallic wall at the beginning of the integrated phase. 4/06/2012

Ch. 4: MHD stability and control M. Bécoulet, S. Benkadda, T Ch. 4: MHD stability and control M. Bécoulet, S. Benkadda, T. Bolzonella, I. Chapman, P. De Vries, E. Joffrin, A. Lazaros, D. Mazon, P. Moreau, S. Nowak, G. Pautasso, A. Pironti, O. Sauter main subjects considered : RWM physics and control NTM physics and control Sawteeth oscillations Disruptions Feedback control hardware main EU contributions : Sawteeth control strategy revised NTM control capabilities during Initial Research Phase investigated ECCD power requirement for NTM evaluated S. Nowak 4/06/2012

Ch. 5: Transport and confinement C. Angioni, E. Barbato, C Ch. 5: Transport and confinement C. Angioni, E. Barbato, C. Bourdelle, L. Garzotti, P. Mantica, M. Romanelli Main research items: mutual interaction amongst plasma pressure, rotation and current profiles in highly self-regulating plasmas the intrinsic rotation at high beta, using flexible NBI system + ECRH confinement scaling at high triangularity, shaping, Greenwald fraction confinement time and transport in dominant electron heating plasmas confinement time in the presence of a large population of fast ions transport studies in a wide region of dimensionless parameters 4/06/2012

Ch. 6: High energy particle behaviour D. Borba, S. Sharapov, P Ch. 6: High energy particle behaviour D. Borba, S. Sharapov, P. Lauber, F. Orsitto High-energy ions are produced by 500 keV N-NBI Main focus of chapter is now : off-axis NNBI current drive (fast ion transport and instabilities) high-bN scenarios and role of energetic particles in it Need for measuring high-frequency instabilites (CAEs, GAEs ~1MHz) Need for runaway diagnostics 4/06/2012

Ch. 7: Pedestal and edge M. Bécoulet, M. Beurskens, T. Bolzonella, A Ch. 7: Pedestal and edge M. Bécoulet, M. Beurskens, T. Bolzonella, A. Kirk, Y. Liang, E. Solano, H. Wilson Small or no ELM regimes: include research on QH mode and type III ELMs Active ELM control: Scenario integration with active ELM suppression Active ELM suppression at low plasma rotation Pellet ELM pacing studies Synergy of mitigation techniques L-H mode threshold: L-H transition studies at low n*/high density with NNBI study H-mode quality at low input power above the L-H transition and at low plasma rotation L-H transition studies in current ramps (likely scenario in ITER) Edge pedestal characteristics: pedestal scaling with bp test of edge stability models (including High Field Side measurements) recommendations on diagnostics 4/06/2012

Ch. 8: Divertor, SOL and PWI J. Bucalossi, C. Day, D. Douai, R. Neu, S Ch. 8: Divertor, SOL and PWI J. Bucalossi, C. Day, D. Douai, R. Neu, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier Main point revised: strategy and timing for change over from C to W PFCs 4/06/2012

Ch. 9: Fusion engineering L. Boccaccini, F. Cismondi, C. Day Use of JT-60SA as test-bed for ITER, DEMO or fusion reactor components Mockup test of measurement equipments (controlled position,temperature) Mockup test of blanket structure and neutronic performance, divertor targets Test of dust monitoring and removal methods Test of new plasma facing materials (e.g., tungsten alloys) Global flow chart of the divertor Main points revised: Inclusion of a section on peripheral systems (pumping and fuelling systems) Inclusion of a section on remote handling Inclusion of a programme to check the influence of variable pumping speeds 4/06/2012

Ch. 10: Theoretical models and codes E. Barbato, M. Baruzzo, S Ch. 10: Theoretical models and codes E. Barbato, M. Baruzzo, S. Benkadda, J. Decker, G. Falchetto, J. Garcia, G. Giruzzi, E. Joffrin, X. Litaudon, M. Schneider, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Wischmeier Ch. 10 concerns the use of JT-60SA as a test-bed for theoretical models Chapter also used as a container for modelling work planned in the next years: main results and highlights of simulations  various Chapters hypotheses, model description / validation, sensitivity studies, ...  Chap. 10 An appendix now contains a list of codes and models, both JA and EU JT-60SA specificity Model validation Flexible magnetic configuration, covering ITER shape to strongly shaped plasmas Models of effect of shaping on plasma confinement and MHD stability Flexible wall and divertor configuration, planned evolution from C to W Divertor models. Pedestal models. Migration models for different PFC materials. Wide range of collisionality Models for collisionality effect on confinement, ELMs, etc. Extensive set of in-vessel coils for MHD control Models for the impact of magnetic perturbations on plasma confinement, ELMs, MHD instabilities Powerful and flexible NBI system; MHD mode control by ECCD system Models connecting safety factor and rotation profiles with plasma transport. Models for NTM stabilisation Plans for a rather extensive diagnostic system Turbulence, MHD theories, fast particle kinetic models, etc. High beta, high bootstrap and advanced scenario capability Integrated scenario models. ITB theories. Bootstrap current theories. Long pulse capability, beyond the global resistive time Integrated scenario models. Real-time control models. 4/06/2012

App. A: Heating and CD systems C. Challis, D. Douai, D. Farina, L App. A: Heating and CD systems C. Challis, D. Douai, D. Farina, L. Figini, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, T. Hoang, I. Jenkins, S. Nowak, J. Ongena, A. Salmi, C. Sozzi NBI: clarify P/N-NBI CD capabilities, power modulation and active cooling specifications clarify operational boundaries in the various scenarios ECRF: Current drive capabilities in the various scenarios documented relevance of the wave frequency in the various scenarios documented Launcher design reviewed L. Figini 4/06/2012

App. D: Plasma Diagnostics systems A. Bruschi, G. Conway, P App. D: Plasma Diagnostics systems A. Bruschi, G. Conway, P. De Vries, E. Gauthier, P. Lotte, D. Mazon, S. Nowak, F. Orsitto, R. Pasqualotto, G. Pautasso, C. Sozzi, M. Tardocchi, J.M. Travère, J.C. Vallet comparison with the planned set of ITER diagnostics assessment of essential diagnostics for scenario development diagnostics for Real Time Control DEMO-relevant diagnostics (simple, robust, easy maintenance…) critical points identified: fast ion diagnostics ensemble of q-profile diagnostics Thomson scattering optics real time diagnostics Thomson scattering 4/06/2012

Remote Experimentation Center (IFERC / REC at Rokkasho) The REC will be developed as a remote control room for experimental campaigns preparation and data analysis for ITER. The REC should be able in the future to monitor the ITER plant status, prepare and transfer pulse parameter files to CODAC, presenting the main machine and plasma parameters in real time, and accessing promptly the experimental data for further analysis at REC. The REC will be tested on JT-60SA at the end of its upgrade. Testing of REC on other machines may also be decided by the Parties. (from the IFERC Mission Report, March 2006) A preparatory working group has been set up. EU members: - S. Clement-Lorenzo - G. Saibene - F. Sartori - G. Giruzzi 4/06/2012

Conclusions: a complex but positive experience JT-60SA is now under construction. EU should elaborate a strategy for its scientific exploitation (EU contribution to the construction : 160 M€) revision of the Research Plan is the first step in this direction EU criticisms have been constructive, and well accepted by JA team good common work by EU and JA TROs, for quality, quantity, friendly spirit open and lively scientific discussion at the final meeting output: real improvement of the document many ideas for further developments and common work now many EU physicist know much more about JT-60SA a smaller group has now a good knowledge of the machine and of its scientific programme and is looking forward to the 1st plasma we are working to prepare JT-60SA operation and scientific exploitation, with efficient access for EU physicists 4/06/2012